内连接和外连接

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-14 15:22:06 发布
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分类专栏： mysql 文章标签： mysql
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1.SQL语法分为SQL92语法和SQL99语法
#sql92 mysql> select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e,dept as d where e.deptno=d.deptno;
#sql99 mysql> select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e inner join dept as d on e.deptno=d.deptno;（inner可省略）
sql92:没有内外连接的概念			
	
	     
sql99:分为
		内连接：会把能匹配的上的记录查出来，没有主次之分。若有没有匹配上的记录则不返回
			等值连接：on 后面的值相等
	     		select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e inner join dept as d on e.deptno=d.deptno;（inner可省略）
			非等值连接：on 后面的值可以是区间
	     		select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from emp as e inner join salgrade as s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;（inner可省略）
	     	自连接：自己连接自己，把自己看成多张表
	     	    select a.ename as '员工名',b.ename as '领导名' from emp as a inner join emp as b on a.mgr=b.empno;
	   和
		外连接：会有表是主表有表是副表，主要查出主表中的数据，次要的查出副表中的数据，若有没有和主表中的数据匹配上，副表会自动模拟出null来对应。
			左外连接（左连接）：表示左边的表是主表。
				select a.ename as '员工名',b.ename as '领导名' from emp as a left outer join emp as b on a.mgr=b.empno;（outer可省略）
			右外连接（右连接）：表示右面的表是主表。
				select a.ename as '员工名',b.ename as '领导名' from emp as b right  outer join emp as a on a.mgr=b.empno;（outer可省略）
#等值连接
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
	4 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e,dept as d where e.deptno=d.deptno;
+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |
| WARD   | SALES      |
| MARTIN | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |
| TURNER | SALES      |
| JAMES  | SALES      |
+--------+------------+
	14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e join dept as d on e.deptno=d.deptno;
+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |
| WARD   | SALES      |
| MARTIN | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |
| TURNER | SALES      |
| JAMES  | SALES      |
+--------+------------+
	14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#非等值连接
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from salgrade;
+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from emp as e join salgrade as s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+--------+------+-------+
| ename  | sal  | grade |
+--------+------+-------+
| SMITH  |  800 |     1 |
| ALLEN  | 1600 |     3 |
| WARD   | 1250 |     2 |
| JONES  | 2975 |     4 |
| MARTIN | 1250 |     2 |
| BLAKE  | 2850 |     4 |
| CLARK  | 2450 |     4 |
| SCOTT  | 3000 |     4 |
| KING   | 5000 |     5 |
| TURNER | 1500 |     3 |
| ADAMS  | 1100 |     1 |
| JAMES  |  950 |     1 |
| FORD   | 3000 |     4 |
| MILLER | 1300 |     2 |
+--------+------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from emp as e join salgrade as s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal order by s.grade;
+--------+------+-------+
| ename  | sal  | grade |
+--------+------+-------+
| ADAMS  | 1100 |     1 |
| SMITH  |  800 |     1 |
| JAMES  |  950 |     1 |
| MARTIN | 1250 |     2 |
| WARD   | 1250 |     2 |
| MILLER | 1300 |     2 |
| TURNER | 1500 |     3 |
| ALLEN  | 1600 |     3 |
| JONES  | 2975 |     4 |
| BLAKE  | 2850 |     4 |
| CLARK  | 2450 |     4 |
| FORD   | 3000 |     4 |
| SCOTT  | 3000 |     4 |
| KING   | 5000 |     5 |
+--------+------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#自连接
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select a.ename as '员工名',b.ename as '领导名' from emp as a inner join emp as b on a.mgr=b.empno;
+-----------+-----------+
| 员工名    | 领导名    |
+-----------+-----------+
| SMITH     | FORD      |
| ALLEN     | BLAKE     |
| WARD      | BLAKE     |
| JONES     | KING      |
| MARTIN    | BLAKE     |
| BLAKE     | KING      |
| CLARK     | KING      |
| SCOTT     | JONES     |
| TURNER    | BLAKE     |
| ADAMS     | SCOTT     |
| JAMES     | BLAKE     |
| FORD      | JONES     |
| MILLER    | CLARK     |
+-----------+-----------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#左连接
mysql> select a.ename as '员工名',b.ename as '领导名' from emp as a left join emp as b on a.mgr=b.empno;
+-----------+-----------+
| 员工名    | 领导名    |
+-----------+-----------+
| SMITH     | FORD      |
| ALLEN     | BLAKE     |
| WARD      | BLAKE     |
| JONES     | KING      |
| MARTIN    | BLAKE     |
| BLAKE     | KING      |
| CLARK     | KING      |
| SCOTT     | JONES     |
| KING      | NULL      |
| TURNER    | BLAKE     |
| ADAMS     | SCOTT     |
| JAMES     | BLAKE     |
| FORD      | JONES     |
| MILLER    | CLARK     |
+-----------+-----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#右连接
mysql> select a.ename as '员工名',b.ename as '领导名' from emp as b right join emp as a on a.mgr=b.empno;
+-----------+-----------+
| 员工名    | 领导名    |
+-----------+-----------+
| SMITH     | FORD      |
| ALLEN     | BLAKE     |
| WARD      | BLAKE     |
| JONES     | KING      |
| MARTIN    | BLAKE     |
| BLAKE     | KING      |
| CLARK     | KING      |
| SCOTT     | JONES     |
| KING      | NULL      |
| TURNER    | BLAKE     |
| ADAMS     | SCOTT     |
| JAMES     | BLAKE     |
| FORD      | JONES     |
| MILLER    | CLARK     |
+-----------+-----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#找到dept.DEPTNO没有emp.ENAME
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.*,d.* from emp e join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.*,d.* from emp e right join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno where e.job is null;
+-------+-------+------+------+----------+------+------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB  | MGR  | HIREDATE | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC    |
+-------+-------+------+------+----------+------+------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
|  NULL | NULL  | NULL | NULL | NULL     | NULL | NULL |   NULL |     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+-------+-------+------+------+----------+------+------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select d.* from emp e right join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno where e.job is null;
+--------+------------+--------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC    |
+--------+------------+--------+
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+--------+------------+--------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.三个表联查
	找出每一个员工的部门名称、工资等级（内连接够用）
mysql> select e.ename,d.dname,s.grade from emp e join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno join salgrade s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal order by s.grade;

mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from salgrade;
+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,d.dname,s.grade from emp e join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno join salgrade s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+--------+------------+-------+
| ename  | dname      | grade |
+--------+------------+-------+
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |     1 |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |     3 |
| WARD   | SALES      |     2 |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| MARTIN | SALES      |     2 |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |     4 |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |     4 |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |     5 |
| TURNER | SALES      |     3 |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |     1 |
| JAMES  | SALES      |     1 |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |     2 |
+--------+------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,d.dname,s.grade from emp e join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno join salgrade s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal order by s.grade;
+--------+------------+-------+
| ename  | dname      | grade |
+--------+------------+-------+
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |     1 |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |     1 |
| JAMES  | SALES      |     1 |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |     2 |
| MARTIN | SALES      |     2 |
| WARD   | SALES      |     2 |
| TURNER | SALES      |     3 |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |     3 |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |     4 |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |     4 |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |     5 |
+--------+------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

找出每一个员工的部门名称、工资等级、以及上级领导（内连接不够用）
mysql> select e.ename,d.dname,s.grade ,e1.ename from emp e join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno join salgrade s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal left join emp e1 on e.mgr = e1.empno order by s.grade;
+--------+------------+-------+-------+
| ename  | dname      | grade | ename |
+--------+------------+-------+-------+
| JAMES  | SALES      |     1 | BLAKE |
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |     1 | FORD  |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |     1 | SCOTT |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |     2 | CLARK |
| MARTIN | SALES      |     2 | BLAKE |
| WARD   | SALES      |     2 | BLAKE |
| TURNER | SALES      |     3 | BLAKE |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |     3 | BLAKE |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |     4 | KING  |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |     4 | JONES |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |     4 | KING  |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |     4 | JONES |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |     4 | KING  |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |     5 | NULL  |
+--------+------------+-------+-------+
奋进的白羊
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内连接和外连接

1.SQL语法分为SQL92语法和SQL99语法#sql92 mysql> select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e,dept as d where e.deptno=d.deptno;#sql99 mysql> select e.ename,d.dname from emp as e inner join dept as d on e.deptno=d.deptno;（inner可省略）sql92:没有内外连接的概念 sql99:分
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