1.新建Servlet:
package com.wch.sp.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public RequestServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>请登录查看秘密文件</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.println(request.getRequestURI());
String requestURI=request.getRequestURI();
out.print("<form action='"+requestURI+"' method='POST'>");
out.print("帐号:<input type='text' name='username' style='width:200px;'/><br/>");
out.print("密码:<input type='password' name='password' style='width:200px;'/><br/>");
out.println("<input type='submit' value='登录'>");
out.println("</form>");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password= request.getParameter("password");
Enumeration params=this.getInitParameterNames();
while(params.hasMoreElements())
{
String usernameParame = params.nextElement().toString();
String passwordParame =this.getInitParameter(usernameParame);
if(username.equals(usernameParame)&&password.equals(passwordParame))
{
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/noticde.html").forward(request, response);
return;
}
}
this.doGet(request, response);
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
2.配置web.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<!-- 配置Servlet中,以下两个属性是必须配置的,name是可以任意取的,class配置的是包名 -->
<servlet-name>FirstServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wch.sp.servlet.FirstServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- servlet中还有许多可选的配置,例如下面的初始化参数配置,一个Servlet可以配置多个初始化参数,Servlet中可以使用getInitParameter(name)
或者是getInitParameterNames()获取配置的参数值-->
<init-param>
<param-name>message</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--下面的标签配置的是Servlet的加载方式,可选值为0或1,如果配置为1,Tomcat会在启动时加载该Serlet。
否则,Tomcat会在有人第一次请求该Servlet的时候才加载该 Servlet。实际项目中,一些框架如Struts、JSF、Spring都是用该参数来加载框架中核心的Servlet-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RequestServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wch.sp.servlet.RequestServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>admin</param-name>
<param-value>admin</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>babyface</param-name>
<param-value>123</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<!--配置Servlet的访问方式,Servlet-name就是前面配置的Servlet的名称,url-pattern配置该Servlet的访问方式-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FirstServlet</servlet-name>
<!-- 配置的Servlet的访问路径,可以随便设置,比如说我现在访问Servlet的路径就是:http://localhost:8080/Servlet/servlet/firstServlet -->
<url-pattern>/servlet/firstServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RequestServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/RequestServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.在WEB-INF下面建立noticde.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>noticde.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<body>
HELLO
</body>
</html>
4.发布项目至服务器,启动服务器,访问: http://localhost:8080/Servlet/servlet/RequestServlet
结果为:
登录后:
总结:
1.在web.xml配置文件中配置Servlet的时候,可以给Servlet配置初始化参数,使用<init-param>标签类配置。配置完毕之后,Servlet提供方法:getInitParameterNames()或者getInitParameterName(String name)方法获取初始化参数值。这些初始化参数也可以使用ServletConfig对象获取,Servlet提供getServletConfig()方法获取ServletConfig对象。由ServletConfig取初始化参数与Servlet直接取方式一样。
2.初始化参数的好处就是可以把某些变量拿到web.xml中配置,需要修改时只需要修改web.xml文件中重启服务器即可,而不是需要修改Servlet类
3.由此扩展到上下文参数(<context-param>):由于<init-param>是配置在<servlet>标签里的,只能由这个Servlet来读取,因此它不是全局参数,不能被其它的Servlet读取,这时可以配置上下文参数。获取context-param可以使用ServletContext对象,Servlet中可以通过getServletConfig().getServletContext()来获取一个ServletContext对象,使用ServletContext的getInitParameter()方法来获取指定名称的参数,通过getInitParameters()获取所有的context-param参数名称