C语言结构体总结



结构体专题

02、点操作和指针操作本质研究

void main() {          Teacher t1;            Teacher t2;            Teacher *p  = NULL;          printf(" %d \n", sizeof( Teacher));          p  = &t1;          strcpy(t1.name, "name");            t1.age = 10; //通过 “.”的方法来操作结构体的成员域          p->age = 12;          p->age; // . ->的本质是寻址。。。。。寻每一个成员相对于大变量t1的内存偏移。。。。。。没有操作内存          //所以这样写是没有问题的。            t2 = t1; //编译器做了什么工作

03、编译器浅copy操作

对结构体而言，指针做函数参数和元素变量做函数不同地方

void copyStruct(Teacher *to, Teacher *from) {          *to = *from; } // int copyStruct2(Teacher to, Teacher from) {            to = from;          return 10; }

 

04、结构体中套一级指针和二级指针 项目开发要点

 

Teacher *creatTArray2(int num) {          int i = 0, j = 0;          Teacher *tArray = NULL;          tArray = (Teacher *)malloc(num * sizeof(Teacher));          if (tArray == NULL)          {                    return NULL;          }          for (i=0; i<num; i++)          {                    tArray[i].tile = (char *)malloc(100);          }          //创建老师带的学生          for (i=0; i<num; i++)          {                    char **ptmp = (char **)malloc((3+1)*sizeof(char *));                    for (j=0; j<3; j++)                    {                             ptmp[j] = (char *)malloc(120);                    }                    //ptmp[3] = NULL;                    tArray[i].pStuArray = ptmp;          }            return tArray; }

释放函数

int FreeTArray(Teacher *tArray, int num) {          int i =0, j = 0;            if (tArray == NULL)          {                    return -1;          }          for (i=0; i<num; i++)          {                    char **tmp = tArray[i].pStuArray;                    if (tmp ==NULL)                    {                             continue;;                    }                    for (j=0; j<3; j++)                    {                             if (tmp[j] != NULL)                             {                                      free(tmp[j]);                             }                    }                    free(tmp);          }          for (i=0; i<3; i++)          {                    if (tArray[i].tile != NULL)                    {                             free(tArray[i].tile);                             tArray[i].tile = NULL; //laji                    }          }          free(tArray);          tArray = NULL; //垃圾   }

 

05、深copy和浅copy

//产生的原因 //编译器给我们提供的copy行为是一个浅copy //当结构体成员域中含有buf的时候，没有问题 //当结构体成员域中还有指针的时候，编译器只会进行指针变量的copy。指针变量所指的内存空间，编译器不会在多分分配内存 //这就是编译器的浅copy，我们要属顺从。。。。 //

/结构体的定义 typedef struct _AdvTeacher {          char *name;          char buf[100];          int age; }Teacher ;     Teacher * creatT() {          Teacher *tmp = NULL;          tmp = (Teacher *)malloc(sizeof(Teacher));          tmp->name = (char *)malloc(100);          return tmp; }   void FreeT(Teacher *t) {          if (t == NULL)          {                    return ;          }          if (t->name != NULL)          {                    free(t->name);          } } //解决方案 int copyObj(Teacher *to, Teacher *from) {          //*to = *from;//copy；          memcpy(to, from, sizeof(Teacher));          to->name = (char *)malloc(100);          strcpy(to->name, from->name); }

 

06、结体的高级话题

深刻理解-》 。操作符的本质

#include "stdlib.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "string.h" typedef struct _A {          int a ; };   //结构体的定义 typedef struct _AdvTeacher {          char *name; //4          int age2 ;          char buf[32];  //32          int age; //4           struct _A }Teacher ;     void main2() {          int i = 0;          Teacher * p = NULL;          p = p - 1;          p = p - 2;          p = p +2;          p = p -p;            i = (int) (&(p->age)); //1逻辑计算在cpu中，运算          printf("i:%d \n", i);                      //&属于cpu的计算，没有读写内存，所以说没有coredown              system("pause"); }   //-> . void main() {          int i = 0;          i = (int )&(((Teacher *)0)->age );            printf("i:%d \n", i);            //&属于cpu的计算，没有读写内存，所以说没有coredown -->          system("pause"); }