C++模板的理解

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;
//using std::cout;
//using std::cin;
//using std::endl;
template<typename T,int maxSize=100> class  stack{

public:
	void push(T& a);
	T pop();
	stack( int maxSize);//int maxSize
	void show();
	bool isFull();
	bool isEmpty();
	int  getSize();
	T  at(int i);
	stack<T,maxSize>& operator=(stack<T,maxSize>& a)
	{
		cout<<"a-jNum:"<<a.getSize()<<endl;
		cout<<"a-maxNum:"<<a.getMaxSize()<<endl;
		cout <<"a-id："<<typeid(a).name()<<endl;
		delete[] m_pobj;m_pobj=NULL;
		int capcity=a.getMaxSize();
		m_iMaxSize=a.getMaxSize();
		m_pobj=new T[capcity];
		m_iSize=a.getSize();
		cout<<"this-jNum:"<<getSize()<<endl;
		cout<<"this-MaxNum:"<<getMaxSize()<<endl;
		
		cout<<"at"<<endl;
		for (int i=0;i<m_iSize;i++)
			m_pobj[i]=a.at(i);
		show();
		return *this;
	}
	int getMaxSize();
	~stack();
private:
	T * m_pobj;
	int m_iSize;
	int m_iMaxSize;
};

template <typename T,int maxSize> int stack<T,maxSize>::getMaxSize()
{
	return m_iMaxSize;
}
//模板 就是先定义类型  在定义返回值 类名<专门化>  到作用域 ::  函数名（参数）:数据成员的默认值
//定义变量的时候   stack<int , 30 >  这样其实是一个数据类型  如同int型。相当一个可变组合数据类型 
//stack<int , 30 >中30 都是一个类型了。</span>
template <typename T,int maxSize> int  stack<T,maxSize>::getSize()//maxSize 的名字不能改变，不然会报错。
{
	return m_iSize;
}
template <typename T,int maxSize> T  stack<T,maxSize>::at(int i)//maxSize 的名字不能改变，不然会报错。
{
	return m_pobj[i];
}
template<typename T,int maxSize> stack<T, maxSize >::stack(int maxSize )//:m_iMaxSize=maxSize//int maxSize
{
	m_iMaxSize=maxSize;
	m_iSize=0;
	m_pobj=new T[m_iMaxSize];
	cout<<"m_iMaxSize:"<<m_iMaxSize<<endl;
	cout<<"maxSize:"<<maxSize<<endl;
}
template<typename T,int maxSize> void stack<T, maxSize >::push(T& a)
{
	m_pobj[m_iSize++]=a;
}
template<typename T,int maxSize> void stack<T, maxSize >::show()
{
	for (int i=0;i<m_iSize;i++)
	{
		cout<<m_pobj[i]<<",";
	}
}
template <typename T,int maxSize> T stack<T,maxSize>::pop()
{
	m_iSize--;
	return m_pobj[m_iSize];
}
template <typename T,int maxSize> bool stack<T,maxSize>::isFull()
{
	return m_iSize>=m_iMaxSize;
}
template<typename T,int maxSize> bool stack<T,maxSize>::isEmpty()
{
	return m_iSize==0;
}
template<typename T,int maxSize> stack<T,maxSize> ::~stack()
{
	delete[] m_pobj;
}
//函数operate 运算符重载不能卸载类外，要写在类外就用friend 函数。</span>
//template<typename T int maxSize>  stack<T,maxSize> stack<T,maxSize>::operator=(stack<T,maxSize> a)
//{
//	delete[] m_pobj;
//	int capcity=m_iMaxSize;
//	m_pobj=new T[capcity];
//	return *this;
//}
int main()
{
	int a;
	int sizeMax=50;
	stack<int,80> stackTest1(sizeMax);
	stack<int> stackTest2(sizeMax);
	cout <<"stackTest1-id："<<typeid(stackTest1).name()<<endl;
	cout <<"stackTest2-id："<<typeid(stackTest2).name()<<endl;</span>
	stack<int,30> stackobj(sizeMax);
	//stack<int> stackobj(sizeMax);//,30去掉的画  后面的赋值 newstack=stackobj;就编译不过，因为不是同一个数据类型了。
	for (int k=0;k<sizeMax;k++)
	{
		stackobj.push(k);
	}
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"show push"<<endl;
	stackobj.show();
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"show pop"<<endl;
	for (int j=0;j<sizeMax;j++)
	{
		cout<<stackobj.pop()<<", ";
	}
	
	for (int k=0;k<sizeMax;k++)
	{
		stackobj.push(k);
	}
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"show push2"<<endl;
	stackobj.show();
	stack<int,30> newstack(70);
		cout<<"newstackNum:"<<newstack.getSize()<<endl;
	newstack=stackobj;
		cout<<"newstackNum2:"<<newstack.getSize()<<endl;
	cin>>a;
}</span>