C++实现有理数类

// rational.h
#include <iostream>

class Rational {
public:
    Rational() = default;
    Rational(int numerator, int denominator);
    ~Rational() = default;
    
    Rational operator+(Rational rhs);   // 重载加
    Rational operator-(Rational rhs);   // 重载减
    Rational operator*(Rational rhs);   // 重载乘
    Rational operator/(Rational rhs);   // 重载除
    bool operator>(Rational rhs);   // 重载>
    bool operator<(Rational rhs);   // 重载<
    void printRational();                 // 打印有理数
    
    int getNumerator() const   {return numerator_; }   // 访问分子 只读
    int getDenominator() const {return denominator_; } // 访问分母 只读
private:
    void simplifyRational();              // 有理数简化

    int numerator_;    // 分子
    int denominator_;  // 分母
};

// rational.cpp
#include "rational.h"

Rational::Rational(int numerator, int denominator) {
    numerator_ = numerator;
    denominator_ = denominator;

    simplifyRational();
}

void Rational::simplifyRational() {
    numerator_ = denominator_ >0 ? numerator_ : -numerator_;
    denominator_ = denominator_ >0 ? denominator_ : -denominator_;

    // 辗转相除法：除数和余数反复做除法运算，当余数为 0 时，取当前算式除数为最大公约数
    int absNumerator = abs(numerator_);
    int absDenominator = abs(denominator_);
    while(absDenominator > 0) {
        int tmp = absNumerator % absDenominator;
        absNumerator = absDenominator;
        absDenominator = tmp;
    }
    numerator_ /= absNumerator;
    denominator_ /= absNumerator;
}

Rational Rational::operator+(Rational rhs) {
    int ansNum = numerator_ * rhs.getDenominator() + denominator_ * rhs.getNumerator();
    int ansDenom = denominator_ * rhs.getDenominator();
    return Rational(ansNum, ansDenom);
}

Rational Rational::operator-(Rational rhs) {
    int ansNum = numerator_ * rhs.getDenominator() - denominator_ * rhs.getNumerator();
    int ansDenom = denominator_ * rhs.getDenominator();
    return Rational(ansNum, ansDenom);
}

Rational Rational::operator*(Rational rhs) {
    int ansNum = numerator_ * rhs.getNumerator();
    int ansDenom = denominator_ * rhs.getDenominator();
    return Rational(ansNum, ansDenom);
}

Rational Rational::operator/(Rational rhs) {
    int ansNum = numerator_ * rhs.getDenominator();
    int ansDenom = denominator_ * rhs.getNumerator();
    return Rational(ansNum, ansDenom);
}

bool Rational::operator>(Rational rhs) {
    int tmp = numerator_ * rhs.denominator_ - denominator_ * rhs.numerator_;
    return tmp > 0;
}

bool Rational::operator<(Rational rhs) {
    int tmp = numerator_ * rhs.denominator_ - denominator_ * rhs.numerator_;
    return tmp < 0;
}


void Rational::printRational() {
    if(numerator_ % denominator_ == 0) {
        std::cout << numerator_ / denominator_;
    }else {
        std::cout << numerator_ << "/" << denominator_;
    }
}

// test.cpp
#include "rational.h"

int main() {
    Rational r1(6, 16);
    Rational r2(20, 32);

    Rational ans = r1 + r2;
    r1.printRational();
    std::cout << " + ";
    r2.printRational();
    std::cout << " = ";
    ans.printRational();
    std::cout << std::endl;
    
    ans = r1 - r2;
    r1.printRational();
    std::cout << " - ";
    r2.printRational();
    std::cout << " = ";
    ans.printRational();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    ans = r1 * r2;
    r1.printRational();
    std::cout << " * ";
    r2.printRational();
    std::cout << " = ";
    ans.printRational();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    ans = r1 / r2;
    r1.printRational();
    std::cout << " / ";
    r2.printRational();
    std::cout << " = ";
    ans.printRational();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    if(r1 > r2) {
        r1.printRational();
        std::cout << " > ";
        r2.printRational();
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }else {
        r1.printRational();
        std::cout << " < ";
        r2.printRational();
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    if(r1 < r2) {
        r1.printRational();
        std::cout << " < ";
        r2.printRational();
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }else {
        r1.printRational();
        std::cout << " > ";
        r2.printRational();
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }
     
}

编译并运行测试：

g++ test.cpp rational.cpp -o rational
./rational

测试结果如下：