210. Course Schedule II

Description:

There are a total of n courses you have to take, labeled from 0 to n - 1.

Some courses may have prerequisites, for example to take course 0 you have to first take course 1, which is expressed as a pair: [0,1]

Given the total number of courses and a list of prerequisite pairs, return the ordering of courses you should take to finish all courses.

There may be multiple correct orders, you just need to return one of them. If it is impossible to finish all courses, return an empty array.

For example:

2, [[1,0]]

There are a total of 2 courses to take. To take course 1 you should have finished course 0. So the correct course order is [0,1]

4, [[1,0],[2,0],[3,1],[3,2]]

There are a total of 4 courses to take. To take course 3 you should have finished both courses 1 and 2. Both courses 1 and 2 should be taken after you finished course 0. So one correct course order is [0,1,2,3]. Another correct ordering is[0,2,1,3].

Note:

  1. The input prerequisites is a graph represented by a list of edges, not adjacency matrices. Read more about how a graph is represented.
  2. You may assume that there are no duplicate edges in the input prerequisites.

click to show more hints.

Hints:
  1. This problem is equivalent to finding the topological order in a directed graph. If a cycle exists, no topological ordering exists and therefore it will be impossible to take all courses.
  2. Topological Sort via DFS - A great video tutorial (21 minutes) on Coursera explaining the basic concepts of Topological Sort.
  3. Topological sort could also be done via BFS.

简要题解:

判断是否可以完成全部课程采用与文章207. Course Schedule相同的做法。

完成课程的顺序由post(dfs中一个结点的后访问时刻)决定。由于边的方向与逻辑上方向相反,因此,按post值递增的顺序。


代码:

class Solution {
private:
    bool* visited;
    int* post;
    int clock;
    vector<int> scheduling;
public:
    void postvisit(int v) {
        post[v] = clock++;
        scheduling.push_back(v);
    }

    void explore(int v, vector<pair<int, int>>& prerequisites) {
        visited[v] = true;

        for (int i = 0; i < prerequisites.size(); i++)
            if (prerequisites[i].first == v && !visited[prerequisites[i].second])
                explore(prerequisites[i].second, prerequisites);

        postvisit(v);
    }

    void dfs(int numCourses, vector<pair<int, int>>& prerequisites) {
        if (visited != NULL)
            delete[] visited;
        visited = new bool[numCourses];
        for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++)
            visited[i] = false;

        if (post != NULL)
            delete[] post;
        post = new int[numCourses];
        clock = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++)
            if (!visited[i])
                explore(i, prerequisites);
    }

    bool canFinish(int numCourses, vector<pair<int, int>>& prerequisites) {
        dfs(numCourses, prerequisites);

        for (int i = 0; i < prerequisites.size(); i++)
            if (post[prerequisites[i].first] < post[prerequisites[i].second])
                return false;

        if (visited != NULL)
            delete[] visited;
        if (post != NULL)
            delete[] post;

        return true;
    }

    vector<int> findOrder(int numCourses, vector<pair<int, int>>& prerequisites) {
        scheduling.clear();

        if (canFinish(numCourses, prerequisites))
            return scheduling;
        else
            return vector<int>();
    }
};


在Java中,ClassNotFoundException是一种异常类型,表示在运行时找不到指定的类。当使用Class.forName()方法或ClassLoader.loadClass()方法加载类时,如果找不到指定的类,就会抛出ClassNotFoundException异常。 对于你提到的ClassNotFoundException: CourseSchedule异常,它表示在运行时无法找到名为CourseSchedule的类。这可能是由于以下几个原因导致的: 1. 类名拼写错误:请确保你输入的类名正确无误。Java对类名是区分大小写的,所以请检查类名的大小写是否与实际类名一致。 2. 缺少依赖:如果CourseSchedule类依赖于其他类或库,而这些依赖项没有正确地被包含在项目中,就会导致ClassNotFoundException异常。请确保所有依赖项都已正确添加到项目中。 3. 类路径问题:如果CourseSchedule类所在的包或目录没有被正确地包含在类路径中,也会导致ClassNotFoundException异常。请检查类路径设置,确保包含了CourseSchedule类所在的路径。 解决这个问题的方法取决于你的具体情况。如果是第一种情况,你可以检查类名的拼写是否正确。如果是第二种情况,你需要确保所有依赖项都已正确添加到项目中。如果是第三种情况,你需要检查类路径设置是否正确。 如果你能提供更多的上下文信息,比如你是在什么情况下遇到这个异常,以及你的代码或项目结构,我可以给出更具体的解决方案。
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