Android 自定义View、ViewGroup(一)之工作原理

学习Android自定义View，通常需要用到LayoutInflater这个类，先来简单的介绍一下LayoutInflater这个类的简单的用法。

1.两种获取LayoutInflater的方法

LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

2.LayoutInflater的工作原理

采用XmlPullParser 解析layout文件 创建view实例，最后调用viewGroup.addView(view, params);

3.activity中的setContentView方法内幕

如果我们在activity_main中定义根布局为LinearLayout，父布局是一个FrameLayout，而这个FrameLayout就是由系统自动帮我们添加上的,其id就是content。这就是为什么Activity中有setContentView()，而不是setView()了

举一个简单的例子：

1.在activity_main.xml中写一个布局文件如下

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello_view" >
    </TextView>

</LinearLayout>

2.在MainActivity中设置布局

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//		LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater) getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
//		View contentView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_main, null);
//		setContentView(contentView);
		
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}
}

我们用sdk/tools下自带的hierarchyviewer.bat工具可以清楚的看到整个布局情况。

下面我们来分析一下上面的流程

1.我们找到Activity.java的源码，看一下setContentView这个方法

public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
    }

2.可以看出其实调用的是getWindow这个方法返回的对象的setContentView方法，那么getWindow方法得到的是什么呢？

public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;
    }

3.那么mWindow是什么呢？我们在Activity.java中attach方法中找到一行代码

mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);

4.我们去PolicyManager中看一下makeNewWindow方法

private static final IPolicy sPolicy;
public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
		  return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);
	  }

5.最终我们发现，原来是这个IPolicy这个接口调用makeNewWindow方法产生出的一个PhonwWindow实例(Window的实现类)，然后调用它的setContentView方法

  @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }
        mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
    }

6.PhonwWindow的setContentView方法也是通过LayoutInflater的inflate方法去解析xml文件，转换成View对象，然后通过VIewGroup的addView方法完成，具体代码如下

 public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }
//此方法内部解析XmlPullParser解析资源文件，调用Viewgroup的addView方法添加View到父View中
                    rInflate(parser, root, attrs);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }


                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {

//如果root不为null，调用ViewGroup的addView方法将解析出的View添加到根view中
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                }

            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                InflateException ex = new InflateException(
                        parser.getPositionDescription()
                        + ": " + e.getMessage());
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

我们看一下rInflate方法吧

 private void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;

        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();
            
            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
            } else {
                final View view = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                rInflate(parser, view, attrs);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }

        parent.onFinishInflate();
    }

至此，整个Activity加载View的原理就说完了。

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