单引号 双引号 定界符 变量解析

 

要表示一个单引号，需要用反斜线（/）转义，和很多其它语言一样。如果在单引号之前或字符串结尾需要出现一个反斜线，需要用两个反斜线表示。注意如果你试图转义任何其它字符，反斜线本身也会被显示出来！所以通常不需要转义反斜线本身。  

 

 

<?php
echo 'this is a simple string';

echo 'You can also have embedded newlines in
strings this way as it is
okay to do';

// Outputs: Arnold once said: "I'll be back"
echo 'Arnold once said: "I/'ll be back"';

// Outputs: You deleted C:/*.*?
echo 'You deleted C://*.*?';

// Outputs: You deleted C:/*.*?
echo 'You deleted C:/*.*?';

// Outputs: This will not expand: /n a newline
echo 'This will not expand: /n a newline';

// Outputs: Variables do not $expand $either
echo 'Variables do not $expand $either';
?>

 

双引号字符串最重要的一点是其中的变量名会被变量值替代

 

 

定界符语法（“<<<”），应该在 <<< 之后提供一个标识符，然后是字符串，然后是同样的标识符结束字符串。

 

很重要的一点必须指出，结束标识符所在的行不能包含任何其它字符，可能除了一个分号（;）之外。这尤其意味着该标识符不能被缩进，而且在分号之前和之后都不能有任何空格或制表符。同样重要的是要意识到在结束标识符之前的第一个字符必须是你的操作系统中定义的换行符。例如在 Macintosh 系统中是 /r。

如果破坏了这条规则使得结束标识符不“干净”，则它不会被视为结束标识符，PHP 将继续寻找下去。如果在这种情况下找不到合适的结束标识符，将会导致一个在脚本最后一行出现的语法错误。 

 

 

<?php
$str = <<<EOD
Example of string
spanning multiple lines
using heredoc syntax.
EOD;

/* More complex example, with variables. */
class foo
{
    var $foo;
    var $bar;

    function foo()
    {
        $this->foo = 'Foo';
        $this->bar = array('Bar1', 'Bar2', 'Bar3');
    }
}

$foo = new foo();
$name = 'MyName';

echo <<<EOT
My name is "$name". I am printing some $foo->foo.
Now, I am printing some {$foo->bar[1]}.
This should print a capital 'A': /x41
EOT;
?>

 

变量解析

 

当用双引号或者定界符指定字符串时，其中的变量会被解析。

有两种语法，一种简单的和一种复杂的。简单语法提供了解析变量，数组值，或者对象属性的方法。  

 

<?php
$beer = 'Heineken';
echo "$beer's taste is great"; // works, "'" is an invalid character for varnames
echo "He drank some $beers";   // won't work, 's' is a valid character for varnames
echo "He drank some ${beer}s"; // works
echo "He drank some {$beer}s"; // works  你想明示指定名字的结束，用花括号把变量名括起来
?>

同样也可以解析数组索引或者对象属性。对于数组索引，右方括号（]）标志着索引的结束。对象属性则和简单变量适用同样的规则，尽管对于对象属性没有像变量那样的小技巧。

 

<?php
// These examples are specific to using arrays inside of strings.
// When outside of a string, always quote your array string keys
// and do not use {braces} when outside of strings either.

// Let's show all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$fruits = array('strawberry' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow');
// Works but note that this works differently outside string-quotes
echo "A banana is $fruits[banana].";
// Works
echo "A banana is {$fruits['banana']}.";

// Works but PHP looks for a constant named banana first
// as described below.
echo "A banana is {$fruits[banana]}.";

// Won't work, use braces.  This results in a parse error.
echo "A banana is $fruits['banana'].";

// Works
echo "A banana is " . $fruits['banana'] . ".";

// Works

echo "This square is $square->width meters broad.";
// Won't work. For a solution, see the complex syntax.
echo "This square is $square->width00 centimeters broad.";
?>

 

 

 

不是因为语法复杂而称其为复杂，而是因为用此方法可以包含复杂的表达式。

事实上，用此语法你可以在字符串中包含任何在名字空间的值。仅仅用和在字符串之外同样的方法写一个表达式，然后用 { 和 } 把它包含进来。因为不能转义“{”，此语法仅在 $ 紧跟在 { 后面时被识别（用“{/$”或者“/{$”来得到一个字面上的“{$”）。用一些例子可以更清晰： 

 

 

 

<?php
// Let's show all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$great = 'fantastic';

// 不行，输出为：This is { fantastic}
echo "This is { $great}";

// 可以，输出为：This is fantastic
echo "This is {$great}";
echo "This is ${great}";

// Works
echo "This square is {$square->width}00 centimeters broad.";

// Works
echo "This works: {$arr[4][3]}";
// This is wrong for the same reason as $foo[bar] is wrong
// outside a string.  In otherwords, it will still work but
// because PHP first looks for a constant named foo, it will
// throw an error of level E_NOTICE (undefined constant).
echo "This is wrong: {$arr[foo][3]}";
// Works.  When using multi-dimensional arrays, always use
// braces around arrays when inside of strings
echo "This works: {$arr['foo'][3]}";

// Works.
echo "This works: " . $arr['foo'][3];

echo "You can even write {$obj->values[3]->name}";

echo "This is the value of the var named $name: {${$name}}";
?>

字符串中的字符可以通过在字符串之后用花括号指定所要字符从零开始的偏移量来访问。

 <?php

 

// Get the first character of a string
$str = 'This is a test.';
$first = $str{0};
// Get the third character of a string
$third = $str{2};

// Get the last character of a string.
$str = 'This is still a test.';
$last = $str{strlen($str)-1};
?>

 

当一个字符串被当作数字来求值时，根据以下规则来决定结果的类型和值。

如果包括“.”，“e”或“E”其中任何一个字符的话，字符串被当作 float 来求值。否则就被当作整数。

该值由字符串最前面的部分决定。如果字符串以合法的数字数据开始，就用该数字作为其值，否则其值为 0（零）。合法数字数据由可选的正负号开始，后面跟着一个或多个数字（可选地包括十进制分数），后面跟着可选的指数。指数是一个“e”或者“E”后面跟着一个或多个数字。  

 

<?php
$foo = 1 + "10.5";                // $foo is float (11.5)
$foo = 1 + "-1.3e3";              // $foo is float (-1299)
$foo = 1 + "bob-1.3e3";           // $foo is integer (1)
$foo = 1 + "bob3";                // $foo is integer (1)
$foo = 1 + "10 Small Pigs";       // $foo is integer (11)
$foo = 4 + "10.2 Little Piggies"; // $foo is float (14.2)
$foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1;          // $foo is float (11)
$foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1.0;        // $foo is float (11)
?>