linux 安装 ftp 以及 将ftp文件下载到指定目录

1. ftp 的安装

rpm -qa |grep vsftpd

2. 安装命令

yum -y install vsftpd

3.新增FTP用户

useradd -d /home/ftp ftpuser

4.密码

admin123

[root@basenode plugins]# passwd ftpuser

5. 设置ftp文件夹权限

[root@basenode vsftpd]# chown -R ftpuser:root /home/ftp  
[root@basenode vsftpd]# 

6. 配置文件说明

[root@basenode vsftpd]# pwd
/etc/vsftpd
[root@basenode vsftpd]# ll
总用量 20
-rw------- 1 root root  125 6月  10 2021 ftpusers
-rw------- 1 root root  371 7月  31 00:33 user_list
-rw------- 1 root root 5116 6月  10 2021 vsftpd.conf
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root  338 6月  10 2021 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
[root@basenode vsftpd]#

6.1 添加用户

```bash
vim user_list 
ftptest  

6.2 修改配置文件

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

userlist_enable=YES     #启动用户列表
userlist_deny=NO        #决定是否对用户列表的用户拒绝访问ftp 

6.3我的完整配置文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=ftpuser

#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

ascii_upload_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
userlist_deny=NO
allow_writeable_chroot=YES

## 7.开始添加目标用户，并为其设置主目录

```bash
usera**加粗样式**dd -d 目录 -m 目录 用户    //-d 目录 指定用户主目录，如果此目录不存在，则同时使用-m选项，可以创建主目录。

passwd 用户名   //设置密码
chmod 755 目录　　　　//以root的视角去修改当前目录的权限
chown -R ftp用户名:组名 目录　　//组名可不写，修改目录所属者
systemctl  start  vsftpd   //重启ftp

8. 将用户添加列表

vim user_list 
ftptest  

9 访问

ftp://ftptest:ftptest@node01  

ftp://node01 #需要再输入用户名和密码
用户名:ftptest
密码  :ftptest

10. ftp 启动关闭命令

启动vsftpd服务：systemctl  start  vsftpd
停止vsftpd服务：systemct  stop  vsftpd
重启vsftpd服务：systemctl  restart  vsftpd

11.完整参数的配置

配置：
anonymous_enable=YES    #设置是否允许匿名用户登录 
local_enable=YES        #设置是否允许本地用户登录 
local_root=/home        #设置本地用户的根目录 
write_enable=YES        #是否允许用户有写权限 
local_umask=022        #设置本地用户创建文件时的umask值 
anon_upload_enable=YES    #设置是否允许匿名用户上传文件 
anon_other_write_enable=YES    #设置匿名用户是否有修改的权限 
anon_world_readable_only=YES    #当为YES时，文件的其他人必须有读的权限才允许匿名用户下载，单单所有人为ftp且有读权限是无法下载的，必须其他人也有读权限，才允许下载 
download_enbale=YES    #是否允许下载 
chown_upload=YES        #设置匿名用户上传文件后修改文件的所有者 
chown_username=ftpuser    #与上面选项连用，表示修改后的所有者为ftpuser 
ascii_upload_enable=YES    #设置是否允许使用ASCII模式上传文件 
ascii_download_enable=YES    #设置是否允许用ASCII模式下载文件 

chroot_local_user=YES        #设置是否锁定本地用户在自己的主目录中（将前面#去掉！其他选项可不动）
chroot_list_enable=YES        #设置是否将用户锁定在自己的主目录中 
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list    #定义哪些用户将会锁定在自己的主目录中 （去/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list文件增加用户名，一行一个）
userlist_enable=YES    #当为YES时表示由userlist_file文件中指定的用户才能登录ftp服务器 
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list    #当userlist_enable为YES时才生效

12.常遇到的问题

getsebool -a | grep ftp 执行命令这个出不来 就SELINUX=disabled 修改为1

[root@basenode shell]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> on
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> on

SELINUX=disabled 修改为1

[root@basenode shell]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux


# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
# SELINUX=enforcing
#SELINUX=disabled
SELINUX=1

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

在修改

setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on

setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on

13 常用命令

service vsftpd start  //启动ftp服务(同 systemctl start vsftpd.service )
service vsftpd restart  //重启ftp服务
service VSftod stop  //关闭ftp
service vsftpd status  //查看ftp状态
netstat -an | grep 21  //查看服务有没有启动
chkconfig vsftpd on   //开机自启

14将ftp 的文件下载 到指定目录

第一种方式 是将文件名 包含时间 的 名称 匹配文件名称进行下载

#!/bin/bash
#获取性能系统小时粒度的指标数据
u=ftptest   # ftp用户名
p=123456789 #ftp密码
ip=192.168.1.180  # ftp 地址
#T=`date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d`
T=`date  +%Y%m%d`
#写入日志
echo "(`date`) get data start...." >> /opt/logs/getdata.log
echo "===================================================" >> /opt/logs/getdata.log
    ftp -n <<EOF
      open $ip
      user $u $p
      binary
      cd /home/ftptest/ # ftp 的目录
      lcd /opt/datas   # 目标目录
      hash
      prompt off
      mget *$T*
      cd /home/ftptest/
      mget *$T*
      close
      bye
EOF
echo "download from ftp successfully"

第二种是是通过目录文件夹 新建一个日期 然后更加日期进行下载 到另一个目录

#!/bin/sh
#source dircotry
src="/home/ftptest"
yestoday_date=$(date "+%Y%m%d"  -d "1 days ago")
echo "-----" $yestoday_date
[ ! -d ${src}/${yestoday_date} ] && mkdir ${src}/${yestoday_date} -p

ftp -v -n 192.168.1.180 << EOF
user ftptest 123456789
cd /home/ftptest/${yestoday_date}
lcd ${src}/${yestoday_date}
mget *
y
exit

EOF

第三种是直接下载

#!/bin/sh
ftp -v -n 192.168.1.180<<EOF
user ftptest 123456789
binary
cd /home/ftptest/
lcd /opt/datas
prompt
mget *
bye
EOF
echo "download from ftp successfully"