Testing Level - 读书笔记 （ 四 ）

看到 Wikipedia 上面有一篇对于软件测试的综述，挺有总结性，做下读书笔记。

Wikipedia 的这篇文章，可以通过下面的 URL 访问:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

Testing Level : 根据测试在整个软件项目中的的介入时间，或者层面，可以将测试分为四个 Level:

1 - Unit Testing
2 - Integration Testing
3 - Component Interface testing
4 - System Testing

慢慢的可以看到， 其实这四个 Testing level， 可以理解为测试目标的范围来区分本质的不同， 当其他三个级别的测试都做完的时候，剩下的就是 system testing 了。

1 - 当增加/减少一个功能的时候，我们都需要来一次整体性的测试，以保证新增加或者减少的功能不影响原先的一致性
2 - system testing 可以包括， 登录，增/删/改/查，性能，异常捕获以及并发等测试

列举一些 system testing 用到的 testing type:

Graphical user interface testing
Usability testing
Software performance testing( 个人理解： 可以编程的方式模拟并发，大数据量等）
Compatibility testing
Exception handling
Load testing
Volume testing
Stress testing
Security testing
Scalability testing
Sanity testing（个人理解： 类似于数据库中的 ACID 的测试）
Smoke testing
Exploratory testing（个人理解：爆破性的测试，安全性测试）
Ad hoc testing
Regression testing
Installation testing
Maintenance testing[clarification needed]
Recovery testing and failover testing.
Accessibility testing, including compliance with:
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

> 参考:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_testing

工作中，用到了 regression testing, 所以着重了解了下：

1 定义：Regression testing is a type of software testing that seeks to uncover new software bugs, or regressions, in existing functional and non-functional areas of a system after changes such as enhancements, patches or configuration changes, have been made to them.

2 目的：从定义可以看到， regression testing 目的就是为了消灭新增加/减少的功能是不是会给系统带来影响
The intent of regression testing is to ensure that changes such as those mentioned above have not introduced new faults.[1] One of the main reasons for regression testing is to determine whether a change in one part of the software affects other parts of the software

3 常用方法： 配置一整套测试系统功能，健壮性的测试流程，每一次在产品完成之后，做一回 regression testing. 其实这里更应该做自动化的测试。
Common methods of regression testing include rerunning previously completed tests and checking whether program behavior has changed and whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. Regression testing can be performed to test a system efficiently by systematically selecting the appropriate minimum set of tests needed to adequately cover a particular change.

以上引用来自：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_testing

偶尔也会用到 smoke testing:

1. 目的： quick testing. 简单理解就是要快。通过 smoke testing,可以回答类似于“是否可以打开”，”是否可以登录“， ”是否可以显示报表“等等小问题，如果这些都错误，那么不需要再进一步做 Integration testing, regression testing 了。

2. 方法： 自动化测试工具，regression testing 的一系列测试案例也可以用来做 smoke testing.

参考文章：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_testing_(software)