值类型和引用类型

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-25 16:18:17 发布

wujilin

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-25 16:18:17 发布

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分类专栏： c#读书笔记文章标签： variables reference string function constructor types

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1 首先看下这个表

Intriguing Question Value Type Reference Type

Where is this type allocated? Allocated on the stack. Allocated on the managed heap.

How is a variable represented?   Value type variables are local            Reference type variables are
                                                           copies.                                                   pointing to the memory occupied
                                                                                                                            by the allocated instance.

What is the base type?                 Must derive from                                  Can derive from any other type
                                                           System.ValueType.                              (except System.ValueType), as long
                                                                                                                             as that type is not “sealed”
Can this type function as a          No. Value types are always                  Yes. If the type is not sealed, it
base to other types?                     sealed and cannot                                  be may function as a base to other
                                                          extended.                                                 types.

What is the default parameter Variables are passed by value Variables are passed by reference
passing behavior? (i.e., a copy of the variable is (e.g., the address of the passed into the

called variable is passed into the called
function). function).

Can this type override                    No. Value types are never                    Yes, indirectly 。
System.Object.Finalize()?             placed onto the heap
                                                          therefore do not need to
                                                          be finalized.

Can I define constructors for Yes, but the default constructor But of course!
this type? is reserved (i.e., your custom

constructors must all have arguments).

When do variables of this When they fall out of the When the managed heap is
type die? defining scope. garbage collected.

现在来详细说说
在C#中数据类型有2中 1是值类型 2是引用类型
值类型通常被分配在栈中而引用类型通常需要用到new（后面会说说它的用法）关键字在堆上分配一个空间
我们知道在堆上的数据是有GC来管理的当该变量不用了 GC就会将其处理掉.但GC
并不处理栈中的数据。（后面会详细说明GC的处理过程的）。

注意:
我们知道结构属于值类型我们运用它时并不需要new关键字去创建它
但如果结构中有引用类型时我们必须用new关键字创建它为它分配
空间。
class ShapeInfo
{
public string infoString;
public ShapeInfo(string info)
{
infoString = info;
}

}

struct MyRectangle
{
public ShapeInfo rectInfo;
public int top, left, bottom, right;

public MyRectangle(string info)
{
     rectInfo = new ShapeInfo(info);
     top = left = 10;
     bottom = right = 100;
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{

Console.WriteLine("-> Creating r1");
MyRectangle r1 = new MyRectangle("This is my first rect");//用new创建值类型
}

我们通常知道对于值类型相互赋值属于深拷贝，而对引用类型之间赋值为浅拷贝，
如果对上面的例子我们应该这么看待呢
把Main数中的更新一下运行就知道结果了
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create the first MyRectangle.
Console.WriteLine("-> Creating r1");
MyRectangle r1 = new MyRectangle("This is my first rect");
// Now assign a new MyRectangle to r1.
Console.WriteLine("-> Assigning r2 to r1");
MyRectangle r2;
r2 = r1;
// Change values of r2.
Console.WriteLine("-> Changing all values of r2");
r2.rectInfo.infoString = "This is new info!";
r2.bottom = 4444;
// Print values
Console.WriteLine("-> Values after change:");
Console.WriteLine("-> r1.rectInfo.infoString: {0}", r1.rectInfo.infoString);
Console.WriteLine("-> r2.rectInfo.infoString: {0}", r2.rectInfo.infoString);
Console.WriteLine("-> r1.bottom: {0}", r1.bottom);
Console.WriteLine("-> r2.bottom: {0}", r2.bottom);
}
可以看到对引用类型来说还是浅拷贝