HOW TO：在 Visual C# .NET 中执行基本的文件 I/O (From MSDN)

最新推荐文章于 2020-08-24 18:43:50 发布

wukong777

最新推荐文章于 2020-08-24 18:43:50 发布

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分类专栏： C# 文章标签： .net c# button microsoft string windows

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wukong777/article/details/129152

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本文的发布号曾为 CHS304430

有关本文的 Microsoft Visual Basic .NET 版本，请参阅 CHS304427。

本任务的内容

概要

概要

本文中列出的分步过程演示了如何在 Visual C# .NET 中进行六种基本的文件输入/输出 (I/O) 操作。如果是第一次接触 .NET，您会发现 .NET 中的文件操作对象模型与许多 Visual Studio 6.0 开发人员都很熟悉的 FileSystemObject (FSO) 非常相似。为了让您过渡更容易，本文演示的功能基于以下 Microsoft 知识库文章：

186118 HOWTO: Use FileSystemObject with Visual Basic（在 Visual Basic 中使用 FileSystemObject）

在 .NET 中仍可以使用 FileSystemObject。因为 FileSystemObject 是一个“组件对象模型 (COM)”组件，所以 .NET 要求对该对象的访问必须通过 Interop 层。如果您选择使用该组件，.NET 将为其生成一个包装。但是，如果不通过 Interop 层，FSO 将不具备 .NET 框架中的 File、 FileInfo、 Directory 和 DirectoryInfo 类及其他相关类所提供的功能。

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要求

下面列出推荐使用的硬件、软件、网络结构以及所需的 Service Pack：

Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional、Windows 2000 Server、Windows 2000 Advanced Server 或 Windows NT 4.0 Server
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 软件开发工具包 (SDK) 快速入门

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讨论所演示的文件 I/O 操作

本文中的示例介绍了基本的文件 I/O 操作。“分步示例”一节讲述如何创建一个演示下列六种文件 I/O 操作的示例应用程序：

读取文本文件
写入文本文件
查看文件信息
列出磁盘驱动器
列出文件夹
列出文件

备注：如果要直接使用下列代码示例，要注意下列事项：

必须包括 System.IO 命名空间，如下所示：
```
using System.IO;
```

winDir 变量应按如下方式声明：

string    winDir=System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir");

addListItem 函数应按如下方式声明：
```
private void addListItem(string value)
{
	this.listbox1.Items.Add(value);
}
```
备注：可以直接使用下列语句，而不用声明和使用 addListItem 函数：
```
this.listbox1.Items.Add(value);"
```

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读取文本文件

下面的代码示例使用 StreamReader 类读取 System.ini 文件。该文件的内容被添加到 ListBox 控件中。其中的 try...catch 块在文件为空时向程序发出警报。有多种方法可确定是否到达文件结尾；本示例使用了 Peek 方法在读取下一行之前先检查该行。

    StreamReader reader=new  StreamReader(winDir + "//system.ini");
try
        {    
            do
            {
                addListItem(reader.ReadLine());
            }   
            while(reader.Peek() != -1);
        }      
         
catch
        { 
            addListItem("File is empty");}

        finally
        {
reader.Close();
        }

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写入文本文件

此代码示例使用 StreamWriter 类创建和写入文件。如果已有一个现有文件，则可用相同的方式打开它。

    StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("c://KBTest.txt");
writer.WriteLine("File created using StreamWriter class.");
writer.Close();
    this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
    addListItem("File Written to C://KBTest.txt");

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查看文件信息

此代码示例使用 FileInfo 对象访问文件的属性。本示例中使用的是 Notepad.exe。属性在 ListBox 控件中显示。

    FileInfo FileProps  =new FileInfo(winDir + "//notepad.exe");
    addListItem("File Name = " + FileProps.FullName);
    addListItem("Creation Time = " + FileProps.CreationTime);
    addListItem("Last Access Time = " + FileProps.LastAccessTime);
    addListItem("Last Write TIme = " + FileProps.LastWriteTime);
    addListItem("Size = " + FileProps.Length);
    FileProps = null;

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列出磁盘驱动器

此代码示例使用 Directory 和 Drive 类列出系统上的逻辑驱动器。本示例中的结果在 ListBox 控件中显示。

    string[]drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives();
    foreach(string drive in drives)
    {
        addListItem(drive);
    }

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列出子文件夹

此代码示例使用 Directory 类的 GetDirectories 方法获取文件夹列表。

    string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(winDir);
    foreach(string dir in dirs)
        {
            addListItem(dir);
        }

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列出文件

此代码示例使用 Directory 类的 GetFiles 方法获取文件列表。

    string[] files= Directory.GetFiles(winDir);
    foreach (string i in files)
    {
        addListItem(i);
    }

用户访问文件时可能会出现多种错误。例如，文件可能会不存在、可能在使用中，或者用户对试图访问的文件夹中的文件无访问权限。在编写代码和处理可能产生的异常时，将这些可能性考虑在内是很重要的。

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分步示例

在 Visual C# .NET 中，启动一个新的 Windows 应用程序。默认情况下创建 Form1。
打开 Form1 的代码窗口。
删除“代码隐藏编辑器”中的所有代码。

将下面的代码粘贴到“代码隐藏编辑器”窗口中。

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;

namespace fso_cs
{
   
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Form1.
/// </summary>
public class Form1 :System.Windows.Forms.Form
   {
      private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
      private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
      private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;
      private System.Windows.Forms.Button button4;
      private System.Windows.Forms.Button button5;
      private System.Windows.Forms.Button button6;
      string    winDir=System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir");
      private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listbox1;
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

public Form1()
      {
         // 
// Required for Windows Form Designer support.
         // 
InitializeComponent();

         // 
// TO DO:Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call.
         // 
      }

/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
      {
if( disposing )
         {
if (components != null) 
            {
components.Dispose();
            }
         }
base.Dispose( disposing );
      }

#region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
      /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
      {
this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
         this.listbox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
this.button4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.button5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.button6 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
         // 
         // button1
         // 
         this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 32);

         this.button1.Name = "button1";
         this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);
         this.button1.TabIndex = 1;
         this.button1.Text = "button1";
         this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
         // 
         // button2
         // 
         this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 64);
         this.button2.Name = "button2";
         this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);
         this.button2.TabIndex = 2;
         this.button2.Text = "button2";
         this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
         // 
         // button3
         // 
         this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 96);
         this.button3.Name = "button3";
         this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);
         this.button3.TabIndex = 3;
         this.button3.Text = "button3";
         this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click);
         // 
         // listbox1
         // 
this.listbox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 24);
         this.listbox1.Name = "listbox1";
this.listbox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(176, 199);
         this.listbox1.TabIndex = 0;
         // 
         // button4
         // 
         this.button4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 128);
         this.button4.Name = "button4";
         this.button4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);
         this.button4.TabIndex = 4;
         this.button4.Text = "button4";
         this.button4.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button4_Click);
         // 
         // button5
         // 
         this.button5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 160);
         this.button5.Name = "button5";
         this.button5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);
         this.button5.TabIndex = 5;
         this.button5.Text = "button5";
         this.button5.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button5_Click);
         // 
         // button6
         // 
         this.button6.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 192);
         this.button6.Name = "button6";
         this.button6.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);
         this.button6.TabIndex = 6;
         this.button6.Text = "button6";
         this.button6.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button6_Click);
         // 
// Form1
         // 
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 273);
this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] {
                                                        this.button6,
                                                        this.button5,
                                                        this.button4,
                                                        this.button3,
                                                        this.button2,
                                                        this.button1,
                                                        this.listbox1});
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
this.ResumeLayout(false);

      }
#endregion

/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main() 
      {
      
Application.Run(new Form1());
      }

private void button6_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {
         //How to obtain list of files (example uses Windows folder).
         this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
         string[] files= Directory.GetFiles(winDir);
         foreach (string i in files)
         {
            addListItem(i);
         }
      }

private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {
         //How to read a text file.
         //try...catch is to deal with a 0 byte file.
         this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
         StreamReader reader=new  StreamReader(winDir + "//system.ini");
try
         {    
            do
            {
               addListItem(reader.ReadLine());
            }   
            while(reader.Peek() != -1);
         }      
         
catch
         { 
            addListItem("File is empty");}

         finally
         {
            reader.Close();}
        

      }

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {
this.button1.Text = "Read Text File";
this.button2.Text = "Write Text File";
this.button3.Text = "View File Information";
         this.button4.Text = "List Drives";
         this.button5.Text = "List Subfolders";
         this.button6.Text = "List Files";
      }

private void button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {         
//How to get a list of folders (example uses Windows folder). 
         this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
         string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(winDir);
         foreach(string dir in dirs)
         {
            addListItem(dir);
                                                      
         }
      }

private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {
//Demonstrates how to obtain a list of disk drives.
         this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
         string[]drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives();
         foreach(string drive in drives)
         {
            addListItem(drive);
         }
      }

private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {   
         //How to retrieve file properties (example uses Notepad.exe).
         this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
         FileInfo FileProps  =new FileInfo(winDir + "//notepad.exe");
         addListItem("File Name = " + FileProps.FullName);
         addListItem("Creation Time = " + FileProps.CreationTime);
         addListItem("Last Access Time = " + FileProps.LastAccessTime);
         addListItem("Last Write TIme = " + FileProps.LastWriteTime);
         addListItem("Size = " + FileProps.Length);
         FileProps = null;
      }
      
      private void addListItem(string value)
      {
         this.listbox1.Items.Add(value);
      }

private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      {
//Demonstrates how to create and write to a text file.
        StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("c://KBTest.txt");
writer.WriteLine("File created using StreamWriter class.");
writer.Close();
        this.listbox1.Items.Clear();
        addListItem("File Written to C://KBTest.txt");
      }
    }
}