[字符串]z函数(扩展KMP)

z[i]是s和从i开始的s的后缀的最长公共前缀

vector<int> z_function(string s) {
  int n = (int)s.length();
  vector<int> z(n);
  for (int i = 1, l = 0, r = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    if (i <= r) z[i] = min(r - i + 1, z[i - l]);
    while (i + z[i] < n && s[z[i]] == s[i + z[i]]) ++z[i];
    if (i + z[i] - 1 > r) l = i, r = i + z[i] - 1;
  }
  return z;
}