Vue3之App

App接口定义

export interface App<HostElement = any> {
  version: string
  config: AppConfig
  use(plugin: Plugin, ...options: any[]): this
  mixin(mixin: ComponentOptions): this
  component(name: string): Component | undefined
  component(name: string, component: Component): this
  directive(name: string): Directive | undefined
  directive(name: string, directive: Directive): this
  mount(
    rootContainer: HostElement | string,
    isHydrate?: boolean,
    isSVG?: boolean
  ): ComponentPublicInstance
  unmount(): void
  provide<T>(key: InjectionKey<T> | string, value: T): this

  // internal, but we need to expose these for the server-renderer and devtools
  _uid: number
  _component: ConcreteComponent
  _props: Data | null
  _container: HostElement | null
  _context: AppContext
  _instance: ComponentInternalInstance | null

  /**
   * v2 compat only
   */
  filter?(name: string): Function | undefined
  filter?(name: string, filter: Function): this

  /**
   * @internal v3 compat only
   */
  _createRoot?(options: ComponentOptions): ComponentPublicInstance
}

App创建

是通过调用createApp函数来，在createAppAPI中会调用createApp

export function createAppAPI<HostElement>(
  render: RootRenderFunction,
  hydrate?: RootHydrateFunction
): CreateAppFunction<HostElement> {
  return function createApp(rootComponent, rootProps = null) {
    if (rootProps != null && !isObject(rootProps)) {
      __DEV__ && warn(`root props passed to app.mount() must be an object.`)
      rootProps = null
    }

    const context = createAppContext()
    const installedPlugins = new Set()

    let isMounted = false

    const app: App = (context.app = {
      _uid: uid++,
      _component: rootComponent as ConcreteComponent,
      _props: rootProps,
      _container: null,
      _context: context,
      _instance: null,

      version,

      get config() {
        return context.config
      },

      set config(v) {
        if (__DEV__) {
          warn(
            `app.config cannot be replaced. Modify individual options instead.`
          )
        }
      },

      use(plugin: Plugin, ...options: any[]) {
        if (installedPlugins.has(plugin)) {
          __DEV__ && warn(`Plugin has already been applied to target app.`)
        } else if (plugin && isFunction(plugin.install)) {
          installedPlugins.add(plugin)
          plugin.install(app, ...options)
        } else if (isFunction(plugin)) {
          installedPlugins.add(plugin)
          plugin(app, ...options)
        } else if (__DEV__) {
          warn(
            `A plugin must either be a function or an object with an "install" ` +
              `function.`
          )
        }
        return app
      },

      mixin(mixin: ComponentOptions) {
        if (__FEATURE_OPTIONS_API__) {
          if (!context.mixins.includes(mixin)) {
            context.mixins.push(mixin)
          } else if (__DEV__) {
            warn(
              'Mixin has already been applied to target app' +
                (mixin.name ? `: ${mixin.name}` : '')
            )
          }
        } else if (__DEV__) {
          warn('Mixins are only available in builds supporting Options API')
        }
        return app
      },

      component(name: string, component?: Component): any {
        if (__DEV__) {
          validateComponentName(name, context.config)
        }
        if (!component) {
          return context.components[name]
        }
        if (__DEV__ && context.components[name]) {
          warn(`Component "${name}" has already been registered in target app.`)
        }
        context.components[name] = component
        return app
      },

      directive(name: string, directive?: Directive) {
        if (__DEV__) {
          validateDirectiveName(name)
        }

        if (!directive) {
          return context.directives[name] as any
        }
        if (__DEV__ && context.directives[name]) {
          warn(`Directive "${name}" has already been registered in target app.`)
        }
        context.directives[name] = directive
        return app
      },

      mount(
        rootContainer: HostElement,
        isHydrate?: boolean,
        isSVG?: boolean
      ): any {
        if (!isMounted) {
          const vnode = createVNode(
            rootComponent as ConcreteComponent,
            rootProps
          )
          // store app context on the root VNode.
          // this will be set on the root instance on initial mount.
          vnode.appContext = context

          // HMR root reload
          if (__DEV__) {
            context.reload = () => {
              render(cloneVNode(vnode), rootContainer, isSVG)
            }
          }

          if (isHydrate && hydrate) {
            hydrate(vnode as VNode<Node, Element>, rootContainer as any)
          } else {
            render(vnode, rootContainer, isSVG)
          }
          isMounted = true
          app._container = rootContainer
          // for devtools and telemetry
          ;(rootContainer as any).__vue_app__ = app

          if (__DEV__ || __FEATURE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__) {
            app._instance = vnode.component
            devtoolsInitApp(app, version)
          }

          return vnode.component!.proxy
        } else if (__DEV__) {
          warn(
            `App has already been mounted.\n` +
              `If you want to remount the same app, move your app creation logic ` +
              `into a factory function and create fresh app instances for each ` +
              `mount - e.g. \`const createMyApp = () => createApp(App)\``
          )
        }
      },

      unmount() {
        if (isMounted) {
          render(null, app._container)
          if (__DEV__ || __FEATURE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__) {
            app._instance = null
            devtoolsUnmountApp(app)
          }
          delete app._container.__vue_app__
        } else if (__DEV__) {
          warn(`Cannot unmount an app that is not mounted.`)
        }
      },

      provide(key, value) {
        if (__DEV__ && (key as string | symbol) in context.provides) {
          warn(
            `App already provides property with key "${String(key)}". ` +
              `It will be overwritten with the new value.`
          )
        }
        // TypeScript doesn't allow symbols as index type
        // https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/24587
        context.provides[key as string] = value

        return app
      }
    })

    if (__COMPAT__) {
      installAppCompatProperties(app, context, render)
    }

    return app
  }
}

执行流程如下

（1）createAppContext创建上下文，返回包含app, config, mixins, components, directives, provides, optionsCache, propsCache, emitsCache的对象。

（2）创建对象， 赋值给上下文的app，同时赋值给app

app对象包含的成员有

名称	类型	说明
_uid	属性	标识app的id
_component	属性	表示父组件
_props	属性	表示父组件的属性
_container	属性	容器
_context	属性	表示app的上下文
_instance	属性
version	属性	表示版本
get config()	方法	用于获取context中的config配置
set config()	方法	用于配置config
use(plugin: Plugin, ...options: any[])	方法	用于添加插件
mixin(mixin: ComponentOptions)	方法	用于管理context中的mixins
component(name: string, component?: Component)	方法	用于管理context中的components
directive(name: string, directive?: Directive)	方法	用于管理context中的directives
mount( rootContainer: HostElement,isHydrate?: boolean,isSVG?boolean )	方法	用于挂载组件
unmount()	方法	用于卸载组件
provide(key, value)	方法	用于管理context中的provides

AppContext定义

export interface AppContext {
  app: App // for devtools
  config: AppConfig
  mixins: ComponentOptions[]
  components: Record<string, Component>
  directives: Record<string, Directive>
  provides: Record<string | symbol, any>

  /**
   * Cache for merged/normalized component options
   * Each app instance has its own cache because app-level global mixins and
   * optionMergeStrategies can affect merge behavior.
   * @internal
   */
  optionsCache: WeakMap<ComponentOptions, MergedComponentOptions>
  /**
   * Cache for normalized props options
   * @internal
   */
  propsCache: WeakMap<ConcreteComponent, NormalizedPropsOptions>
  /**
   * Cache for normalized emits options
   * @internal
   */
  emitsCache: WeakMap<ConcreteComponent, ObjectEmitsOptions | null>
  /**
   * HMR only
   * @internal
   */
  reload?: () => void
  /**
   * v2 compat only
   * @internal
   */
  filters?: Record<string, Function>
}

AppContext的创建

在createApp函数中会调用createAppContext来创建应用上下文

export function createAppContext(): AppContext {
  return {
    app: null as any,
    config: {
      isNativeTag: NO,
      performance: false,
      globalProperties: {},
      optionMergeStrategies: {},
      errorHandler: undefined,
      warnHandler: undefined,
      compilerOptions: {}
    },
    mixins: [],
    components: {},
    directives: {},
    provides: Object.create(null),
    optionsCache: new WeakMap(),
    propsCache: new WeakMap(),
    emitsCache: new WeakMap()
  }
}