UVa10017 - The Never Ending Towers of Hanoi(dfs)

The Never Ending Towers of Hanoi

The Problem

In 1883, Edward Lucas invented, or perhaps reinvented, one of the most popular puzzles of all times - the Tower of Hanoi, as he called it - which is still used today in many computer science textbooks to demonstrate how to write a recursive algorithm or program. First of all, we will make a list of the rules of the puzzle:

· There are three pegs: A, B and C. 
· There are n disks. The number n is constant while working the puzzle. 
· All disks are different in size. 
· The disks are initially stacked on peg A so that they increase in size from the top to the bottom. 
· The goal of the puzzle is to transfer the entire tower from the A peg to the peg C. 
· One disk at a time can be moved from the top of a stack either to an empty peg or to a peg with a larger disk than itself on the top of its stack.

Your job will be to write a program which will show a copy of the puzzle on the screen step by step, as you move the disks around. This program has to solve the problem in an efficient way.

TIP: It is well known and rather easy to prove that the minimum number of moves needed to complete the puzzle with n disks is  2ⁿ -1. 
 

The Input

The input file will consist of a series of lines. Each line will contain two integers n, m. n, lying within the range [1,250], will denote the number of disks and m, belonging to [0,2ⁿ-1], will be the number of the last move, you may assume that m will also be less than 2¹⁶, and you may also assume that a good algorithm will always have enough time. The file will end at a line formed by two zeros.

The Output

The output will consist again of a series of lines, formatted as show below. 
NOTES : There are 3 spaces between de ‘=>’ and the first number printed. If there isn't any number, there should be no spaces. 
               All the disks in a single peg are printed in a single line.
Print a blank line after every problem.

Sample Input

64 2 
8 45 
0 0

Sample Output

Problem #1

A=>   64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
B=>
C=>

A=>   64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
B=>   1
C=>

A=>   64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
B=>   1
C=>   2

Problem #2

A=>   8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
B=>
C=>

A=>   8 7 6 5 4 3 2
B=>   1
C=>

A=>   8 7 6 5 4 3
B=>   1
C=>   2

A=>   8 7 6 5 4 3
B=>
C=>   2 1

A=>   8 7 6 5 4
B=>   3
C=>   2 1

A=>   8 7 6 5 4 1
B=>   3
C=>   2

A=>   8 7 6 5 4 1
B=>   3 2
C=>

A=>   8 7 6 5 4
B=>   3 2 1
C=>

A=>   8 7 6 5
B=>   3 2 1
C=>   4

A=>   8 7 6 5
B=>   3 2
C=>   4 1

A=>   8 7 6 5 2
B=>   3
C=>   4 1

A=>   8 7 6 5 2 1
B=>   3
C=>   4

A=>   8 7 6 5 2 1
B=>
C=>   4 3

A=>   8 7 6 5 2
B=>   1
C=>   4 3

A=>   8 7 6 5
B=>   1
C=>   4 3 2

A=>   8 7 6 5
B=>
C=>   4 3 2 1

A=>   8 7 6
B=>   5
C=>   4 3 2 1

A=>   8 7 6 1
B=>   5
C=>   4 3 2

A=>   8 7 6 1
B=>   5 2
C=>   4 3

A=>   8 7 6
B=>   5 2 1
C=>   4 3

A=>   8 7 6 3
B=>   5 2 1
C=>   4

A=>   8 7 6 3
B=>   5 2
C=>   4 1

A=>   8 7 6 3 2
B=>   5
C=>   4 1

A=>   8 7 6 3 2 1
B=>   5
C=>   4

A=>   8 7 6 3 2 1
B=>   5 4
C=>

A=>   8 7 6 3 2
B=>   5 4 1
C=>

A=>   8 7 6 3
B=>   5 4 1
C=>   2

A=>   8 7 6 3
B=>   5 4
C=>   2 1

A=>   8 7 6
B=>   5 4 3
C=>   2 1

A=>   8 7 6 1
B=>   5 4 3
C=>   2

A=>   8 7 6 1
B=>   5 4 3 2
C=>

A=>   8 7 6
B=>   5 4 3 2 1
C=>

A=>   8 7
B=>   5 4 3 2 1
C=>   6

A=>   8 7
B=>   5 4 3 2
C=>   6 1

A=>   8 7 2
B=>   5 4 3
C=>   6 1

A=>   8 7 2 1
B=>   5 4 3
C=>   6

A=>   8 7 2 1
B=>   5 4
C=>   6 3

A=>   8 7 2
B=>   5 4 1
C=>   6 3

A=>   8 7
B=>   5 4 1
C=>   6 3 2

A=>   8 7
B=>   5 4
C=>   6 3 2 1

A=>   8 7 4
B=>   5
C=>   6 3 2 1

A=>   8 7 4 1
B=>   5
C=>   6 3 2

A=>   8 7 4 1
B=>   5 2
C=>   6 3

A=>   8 7 4
B=>   5 2 1
C=>   6 3

A=>   8 7 4 3
B=>   5 2 1
C=>   6

A=>   8 7 4 3
B=>   5 2
C=>   6 1

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.StreamTokenizer;

public class Main {
	private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
	private static final int N = 260;
	private BufferedReader cin;
	private PrintWriter cout;
	private StreamTokenizer tokenizer;
	private int n, m;
	private int[][] pegs;
	private int[] size;
	private int cnt;
	private int cas = 1;
	
	public void init() 
	{
		try {
			if (DEBUG) {
				cin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
						new FileInputStream("e:\\uva_in.txt")));
			} else {
				cin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			}

			tokenizer = new StreamTokenizer(cin);
			
			cout = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private String next() 
	{
		try {
			 tokenizer.nextToken(); 
			 if (tokenizer.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF) return null; 
			 else if (tokenizer.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER) { 
			 	return String.valueOf((int)tokenizer.nval); 
			} else return tokenizer.sval;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
	}

	public boolean input() 
	{
		n = Integer.parseInt(next());
		m = Integer.parseInt(next());

		if (n == 0 && m == 0) return false;

		pegs = new int[3][n];
		size = new int[3];
		size[0] = n;
		size[1] = size[2] = 0;

		for (int i = 0; i < size[0]; i++) {
			pegs[0][i] = n - i;
		}
		
		return true;
	}

	private void dfs(int n, int a, int b, int c)
	{
		if (n == 0) return;
		if (cnt >= m) return;
		
		dfs(n - 1, a, c, b);
		if (cnt >= m) return;
		pegs[c][size[c]] = pegs[a][size[a] - 1];
		size[c]++;
		size[a]--;
		for (int i = 0;  i < 3; i++) {
			int len = size[i];
			cout.print((char)('A' + i) + "=>");

			for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
				if (j == 0) cout.print("   ");
				else cout.print(" ");
				cout.print(pegs[i][j]);
			}
			cout.println();
		}
		cout.println();
		cout.flush();
		if (cnt++ == m) return;
		dfs(n - 1, b, a, c);
		
	}
	
	public void solve() 
	{
		cnt = 0;
		cout.println("Problem #" + cas++);
		cout.println();
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			int len = size[i];
			cout.print((char)('A' + i) + "=>");
			for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
				if (j == 0) cout.print("   ");
				else cout.print(" ");
				cout.print( pegs[i][j]);
			}
			cout.println();
		}
		cout.println();
		dfs(n, 0, 1, 2);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Main solver = new Main();
		solver.init();
		
		while (solver.input()) {
			solver.solve();
		}
	}
}