主要是用ioctl函数，同时需要头文件<net/if.h>
输出为：
/* net/if.h -- declarations for inquiring about network interfaces
Copyright (C) 1997-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
#ifndef _NET_IF_H
#define _NET_IF_H 1
#include <features.h>
#ifdef __USE_MISC
# include <sys/types.h>
# include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
/* Length of interface name. */
#define IF_NAMESIZE 16
struct if_nameindex
{
unsigned int if_index; /* 1, 2, ... */
char *if_name; /* null terminated name: "eth0", ... */
};
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Standard interface flags. */
enum
{
IFF_UP = 0x1, /* Interface is up. */
# define IFF_UP IFF_UP
IFF_BROADCAST = 0x2, /* Broadcast address valid. */
# define IFF_BROADCAST IFF_BROADCAST
IFF_DEBUG = 0x4, /* Turn on debugging. */
# define IFF_DEBUG IFF_DEBUG
IFF_LOOPBACK = 0x8, /* Is a loopback net. */
# define IFF_LOOPBACK IFF_LOOPBACK
IFF_POINTOPOINT = 0x10, /* Interface is point-to-point link. */
# define IFF_POINTOPOINT IFF_POINTOPOINT
IFF_NOTRAILERS = 0x20, /* Avoid use of trailers. */
# define IFF_NOTRAILERS IFF_NOTRAILERS
IFF_RUNNING = 0x40, /* Resources allocated. */
# define IFF_RUNNING IFF_RUNNING
IFF_NOARP = 0x80, /* No address resolution protocol. */
# define IFF_NOARP IFF_NOARP
IFF_PROMISC = 0x100, /* Receive all packets. */
# define IFF_PROMISC IFF_PROMISC
/* Not supported */
IFF_ALLMULTI = 0x200, /* Receive all multicast packets. */
# define IFF_ALLMULTI IFF_ALLMULTI
IFF_MASTER = 0x400, /* Master of a load balancer. */
# define IFF_MASTER IFF_MASTER
IFF_SLAVE = 0x800, /* Slave of a load balancer. */
# define IFF_SLAVE IFF_SLAVE
IFF_MULTICAST = 0x1000, /* Supports multicast. */
# define IFF_MULTICAST IFF_MULTICAST
IFF_PORTSEL = 0x2000, /* Can set media type. */
# define IFF_PORTSEL IFF_PORTSEL
IFF_AUTOMEDIA = 0x4000, /* Auto media select active. */
# define IFF_AUTOMEDIA IFF_AUTOMEDIA
IFF_DYNAMIC = 0x8000 /* Dialup device with changing addresses. */
# define IFF_DYNAMIC IFF_DYNAMIC
};
/* The ifaddr structure contains information about one address of an
interface. They are maintained by the different address families,
are allocated and attached when an address is set, and are linked
together so all addresses for an interface can be located. */
struct ifaddr
{
struct sockaddr ifa_addr; /* Address of interface. */
union
{
struct sockaddr ifu_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifu_dstaddr;
} ifa_ifu;
struct iface *ifa_ifp; /* Back-pointer to interface. */
struct ifaddr *ifa_next; /* Next address for interface. */
};
# define ifa_broadaddr ifa_ifu.ifu_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
# define ifa_dstaddr ifa_ifu.ifu_dstaddr /* other end of link */
/* Device mapping structure. I'd just gone off and designed a
beautiful scheme using only loadable modules with arguments for
driver options and along come the PCMCIA people 8)
Ah well. The get() side of this is good for WDSETUP, and it'll be
handy for debugging things. The set side is fine for now and being
very small might be worth keeping for clean configuration. */
struct ifmap
{
unsigned long int mem_start;
unsigned long int mem_end;
unsigned short int base_addr;
unsigned char irq;
unsigned char dma;
unsigned char port;
/* 3 bytes spare */
};
/* Interface request structure used for socket ioctl's. All interface
ioctl's must have parameter definitions which begin with ifr_name.
The remainder may be interface specific. */
struct ifreq
{
# define IFHWADDRLEN 6
# define IFNAMSIZ IF_NAMESIZE
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name, e.g. "en0". */
} ifr_ifrn;
union
{
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short int ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
__caddr_t ifru_data;
} ifr_ifru;
};
# define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */
# define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */
# define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
# define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
# define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
# define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
# define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
# define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */
# define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
# define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */
# define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */
# define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
# define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
# define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */
# define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* queue length */
# define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */
# define _IOT_ifreq _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(char),16,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_short _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(short),1,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_int _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(int),1,0,0)
/* Structure used in SIOCGIFCONF request. Used to retrieve interface
configuration for machine (useful for programs which must know all
networks accessible). */
struct ifconf
{
int ifc_len; /* Size of buffer. */
union
{
__caddr_t ifcu_buf;
struct ifreq *ifcu_req;
} ifc_ifcu;
};
# define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf /* Buffer address. */
# define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req /* Array of structures. */
# define _IOT_ifconf _IOT(_IOTS(struct ifconf),1,0,0,0,0) /* not right */
#endif /* Misc. */
__BEGIN_DECLS
/* Convert an interface name to an index, and vice versa. */
extern unsigned int if_nametoindex (const char *__ifname) __THROW;
extern char *if_indextoname (unsigned int __ifindex, char *__ifname) __THROW;
/* Return a list of all interfaces and their indices. */
extern struct if_nameindex *if_nameindex (void) __THROW;
/* Free the data returned from if_nameindex. */
extern void if_freenameindex (struct if_nameindex *__ptr) __THROW;
__END_DECLS
#endif /* net/if.h */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#define IFI_NAME 16
#define IFI_HADDR 8
#define IFI_ALIAS 1
struct ifi_info
{
char ifi_name[IFI_NAME];
char ifi_haddr[IFI_HADDR];
short ifi_hlen;
short ifi_flags;
short ifi_myflags;
struct sockaddr* ifi_addr;
struct sockaddr* ifi_brdaddr;
struct sockaddr* ifi_dstaddr;
struct ifi_info *ifi_next;
};
struct ifi_info *get_ifi_info(int,int);
struct ifi_info *Get_ifi_info(int, int);
void free_ifi_info(struct ifi_info *);
char *sock_ntop(struct sockaddr*, int);
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct ifi_info *ifi, *ifihead;
struct sockaddr *sa;
char *ptr;
int i, family, doaliases;
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage:prifinfo <inet4|inet6> <doaliases>\n");
return -1;
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "inet4") == 0) {
family = AF_INET;
} else if (strcmp(argv[1], "inet6") == 0) {
family = AF_INET6;
}
doaliases = atoi(argv[2]);
for (ifihead = ifi = get_ifi_info(family, doaliases); ifi != NULL; ifi = ifi->ifi_next) {
printf("%s:<" , ifi->ifi_name);
if (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_UP) printf("UP ");
if (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_BROADCAST) printf("BCAST ");
if (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_MULTICAST) printf("MCAST ");
if (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK) printf("LOOP ");
if (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT) printf("P2P ");
printf("> \n");
if ((i = ifi->ifi_hlen) > 0) {
ptr = ifi->ifi_haddr;
do {
printf("%s%x", (i == ifi->ifi_hlen) ? " " : ":", *ptr++);
} while (--i > 0);
printf("\n");
}
if ((sa = ifi->ifi_addr) != NULL) {
printf(" IP addr: %s\n", sock_ntop(sa, sizeof(*sa)));
}
if((sa = ifi->ifi_brdaddr) != NULL) {
printf(" broadcast addr: %s\n", sock_ntop(sa, sizeof(*sa)));
}
if ((sa = ifi->ifi_dstaddr) != NULL) {
printf(" destination addr: %s\n", sock_ntop(sa, sizeof(*sa)));
}
}
free_ifi_info(ifihead);
return 0;
}
struct ifi_info *get_ifi_info(int family, int doaliases)
{
struct ifi_info *ifi, *ifihead, **ifipnext;
int sockfd, len, lastlen, flags, myflags;
char *ptr, *buf, lastname[128], *cptr;
struct ifconf ifc;
struct ifreq *ifr, ifrcopy;
struct sockaddr_in *sinptr;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "socket error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return NULL;
}
lastlen = 0;
len = 100 * sizeof(struct ifreq);
for (;;) {
buf = malloc(len);
ifc.ifc_len = len;
ifc.ifc_buf = buf;
if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) < 0) {
if (errno != EINVAL || lastlen != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "ioctl error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return NULL;
}
} else {
if (ifc.ifc_len == lastlen) break;
lastlen = ifc.ifc_len;
}
len += 10 * sizeof(struct ifreq);
free(buf);
}
ifihead = NULL;
ifipnext = &ifihead;
lastname[0] = 0;
for (ptr = buf; ptr < buf + ifc.ifc_len;) {
ifr = (struct ifreq*)ptr;
switch(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family) {
case AF_INET6:
len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
break;
case AF_INET:
default:
len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
break;
}
ptr += sizeof(ifr->ifr_name) + len;
if (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family != family) {
continue;
}
myflags = 0;
if ((cptr = strchr(ifr->ifr_name, ':')) != NULL) {
*cptr = 0;
}
if (strncmp(lastname, ifr->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ) == 0) {
if (doaliases == 0) {
continue;
}
myflags = IFI_ALIAS;
}
memcpy(lastname, ifr->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ);
ifrcopy = *ifr;
ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifrcopy);
flags = ifrcopy.ifr_flags;
if ((flags & IFF_UP) == 0) continue;
ifi = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ifi_info));
*ifipnext = ifi;
ifipnext = &ifi->ifi_next;
ifi->ifi_flags = flags;
ifi->ifi_myflags = myflags;
memcpy(ifi->ifi_name, ifr->ifr_name, IFI_NAME);
ifi->ifi_name[IFI_NAME - 1] = 0;
switch(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family) {
case AF_INET:
sinptr = (struct sockaddr_in*)&ifr->ifr_addr;
if (ifi->ifi_addr == NULL) {
ifi->ifi_addr = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
memcpy(ifi->ifi_addr, sinptr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
}
if (flags & IFF_BROADCAST) {
ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, &ifrcopy);
sinptr = (struct sockaddr_in*)&ifrcopy.ifr_broadaddr;
ifi->ifi_brdaddr = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
memcpy(ifi->ifi_brdaddr, sinptr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
}
if (flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT) {
ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFDSTADDR, &ifrcopy);
sinptr = (struct sockaddr_in*)&ifrcopy.ifr_dstaddr;
ifi->ifi_dstaddr = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
memcpy(ifi->ifi_dstaddr, sinptr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
free(buf);
return(ifihead);
}
void free_ifi_info(struct ifi_info *ifihead)
{
struct ifi_info *ifi, *ifinext;
for (ifi = ifihead; ifi != NULL; ifi = ifinext) {
if (ifi->ifi_addr != NULL) free(ifi->ifi_addr);
if (ifi->ifi_brdaddr != NULL) free(ifi->ifi_brdaddr);
if (ifi->ifi_dstaddr != NULL) free(ifi->ifi_dstaddr);
ifinext = ifi->ifi_next;
free(ifi);
}
}
char *sock_ntop(struct sockaddr* sa, int len)
{
char portstr[7];
static char str[128];
switch(sa->sa_family) {
case AF_INET:
{
struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in*)sa;
if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin->sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)) == NULL) return NULL;
if (ntohs(sin->sin_port) != 0) {
snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), ".%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
strcat(str, portstr);
}
return str;
}
}
return NULL;
}
输出为：
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