package my.test;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*;
 
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.*;
 
// ConfigPrinter:print all settings and properties of hadoop
public class ConfigPrinter extends Configured implements Tool {
  /*
  static {
    Configuration.addDefaultResource("hdfs-default.xml");
    Configuration.addDefaultResource("hdfs-site.xml");
    Configuration.addDefaultResource("mapred-default.xml");
    Configuration.addDefaultResource("mapred-site.xml");
    //Configuration.addDefaultResource("test.xml");
  }
*/
  @Override
  public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
Configuration conf = getConf();
 
 
conf.addResource("test2.xml");
 
//设置job才会加载mapred-site.xml和hdfs-site.xml
Job job = new Job(conf, "print args");
job.setJarByClass(ConfigPrinter.class);
 
//System.setProperty("test1", "mytest");
for (Entry<String, String> entry: conf) {
      System.out.printf("%s=%s\n", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
 
    return 0;
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    int exitCode = ToolRunner.run(new ConfigPrinter(), args);
    System.exit(exitCode);
  }
}

生成jar，执行，打印环境结果。其中我加的-D参数会替换xml配置文件。
test2.xml放在src根目录下，或放到HADOOP_CONF_DIR能找到的路径中。

[zhouhh@Hadoop48 ~]$ hadoop jar ConfigPrinter.jar -Dmapred.map.tasks=6
io.map.index.skip=0
io.seqfile.compress.blocksize=1000000
mapred.task.profile.maps=0-2
keep.failed.task.files=false
mapred.tasktracker.map.tasks.maximum=2
mapreduce.reduce.input.limit=-1
mapred.task.tracker.http.address=0.0.0.0:55060
mapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution=true
mapred.used.genericoptionsparser=true
mapred.userlog.retain.hours=24
webinterface.private.actions=false
fs.s3.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3.S3FileSystem
mapred.local.dir.minspacestart=0
hadoop.native.lib=true
fs.checkpoint.edits.dir=${fs.checkpoint.dir}
ipc.server.listen.queue.size=128
mapred.cluster.reduce.memory.mb=-1
io.sort.spill.percent=0.80
mapred.reduce.parallel.copies=5
tasktracker.http.threads=40
mapred.reduce.tasks=1
mapreduce.tasktracker.outofband.heartbeat=false
hadoop.security.authorization=false
io.file.buffer.size=4096
mapred.min.split.size=0
hadoop.logfile.size=10000000
mapred.job.queue.name=default
mapred.submit.replication=10
mapred.local.dir.minspacekill=0
fs.webhdfs.impl=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.web.WebHdfsFileSystem
mapred.task.profile=false
ipc.client.kill.max=10
mapred.acls.enabled=false
mapred.heartbeats.in.second=100
mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.read.timeout=180000
mapred.output.compress=false
ipc.server.tcpnodelay=false
mapred.healthChecker.interval=60000
mapred.jobtracker.blacklist.fault-bucket-width=15
mapred.task.timeout=600000
mapred.temp.dir=${hadoop.tmp.dir}/mapred/temp
mapred.jobtracker.taskScheduler=org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobQueueTaskScheduler
mapred.max.tracker.blacklists=4
mapred.skip.reduce.max.skip.groups=0
mapred.tasktracker.indexcache.mb=10
mapreduce.jobtracker.staging.root.dir=${hadoop.tmp.dir}/mapred/staging
mapred.queue.default.state=RUNNING
mapred.tasktracker.dns.nameserver=default
hadoop.logfile.count=10
mapred.tasktracker.taskmemorymanager.monitoring-interval=5000
mapred.tasktracker.expiry.interval=600000
hadoop.security.uid.cache.secs=14400
mapred.skip.attempts.to.start.skipping=2
mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.connect.timeout=180000
map.sort.class=org.apache.hadoop.util.QuickSort
mapred.job.tracker.persist.jobstatus.active=false
mapred.tasktracker.reduce.tasks.maximum=2
fs.ftp.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.ftp.FTPFileSystem
mapred.max.tracker.failures=4
mapred.output.compression.codec=org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec
jobclient.output.filter=FAILED
mapred.job.tracker.http.address=0.0.0.0:55030
fs.file.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.LocalFileSystem
mapred.jobtracker.restart.recover=false
mapred.healthChecker.script.timeout=600000
ipc.client.connection.maxidletime=10000
mapred.local.dir=${hadoop.tmp.dir}/mapred/local
mapreduce.job.complete.cancel.delegation.tokens=true
mapred.job.tracker.persist.jobstatus.dir=/jobtracker/jobsInfo
mapred.job.tracker=Hadoop48:54311
io.sort.record.percent=0.05
job.end.retry.attempts=0
mapred.job.shuffle.merge.percent=0.66
mapred.map.max.attempts=4
mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution=true
mapreduce.job.counters.limit=120
fs.checkpoint.size=67108864
io.skip.checksum.errors=false
mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent=0.0
fs.s3n.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem
fs.s3.maxRetries=4
mapred.output.compression.type=RECORD
mapred.task.cache.levels=2
mapred.task.tracker.task-controller=org.apache.hadoop.mapred.DefaultTaskController
mapred.job.reuse.jvm.num.tasks=1
mapred.system.dir=${hadoop.mydata.dir}/mapred/system
test1=tdata1
io.sort.factor=10
mapred.userlog.limit.kb=0
mapred.jobtracker.maxtasks.per.job=-1
fs.default.name=hdfs://Hadoop48:54310
mapred.job.tracker.retiredjobs.cache.size=1000
ipc.client.idlethreshold=4000
fs.hsftp.impl=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.HsftpFileSystem
hadoop.tmp.dir=/tmp/hadoop-${user.name}
fs.checkpoint.dir=${hadoop.tmp.dir}/dfs/namesecondary
mapred.skip.map.auto.incr.proc.count=true
fs.s3.block.size=67108864
io.serializations=org.apache.hadoop.io.serializer.WritableSerialization
mapred.inmem.merge.threshold=1000
hadoop.util.hash.type=murmur
io.seqfile.lazydecompress=true
mapred.job.reduce.memory.mb=-1
mapred.skip.map.max.skip.records=0
mapred.job.map.memory.mb=-1
io.mapfile.bloom.size=1048576
hadoop.mydata.dir=/home/zhouhh/myhadoop
fs.s3.buffer.dir=${hadoop.tmp.dir}/s3
mapred.tasktracker.dns.interface=default
mapred.reduce.max.attempts=4
test2=tdata2
io.compression.codecs=org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec
mapred.task.profile.reduces=0-2
mapred.job.tracker.jobhistory.lru.cache.size=5
mapred.cluster.map.memory.mb=-1
topology.script.number.args=100
mapred.skip.reduce.auto.incr.proc.count=true
fs.har.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.HarFileSystem
mapred.cluster.max.map.memory.mb=-1
mapred.job.tracker.persist.jobstatus.hours=0
io.seqfile.sorter.recordlimit=1000000
mapred.reduce.slowstart.completed.maps=0.05
fs.trash.interval=0
hadoop.security.authentication=simple
local.cache.size=10737418240
hadoop.security.group.mapping=org.apache.hadoop.security.ShellBasedUnixGroupsMapping
mapred.job.tracker.handler.count=10
hadoop.security.token.service.use_ip=true
ipc.client.connect.max.retries=10
fs.ramfs.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.InMemoryFileSystem
hadoop.rpc.socket.factory.class.default=org.apache.hadoop.net.StandardSocketFactory
fs.kfs.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.kfs.KosmosFileSystem
mapreduce.job.acl-view-job=
fs.checkpoint.period=3600
mapred.map.output.compression.codec=org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec
topology.node.switch.mapping.impl=org.apache.hadoop.net.ScriptBasedMapping
job.end.retry.interval=30000
mapred.tasktracker.tasks.sleeptime-before-sigkill=5000
mapred.job.shuffle.input.buffer.percent=0.70
mapred.jobtracker.completeuserjobs.maximum=100
mapred.user.jobconf.limit=5242880
mapred.compress.map.output=false
mapred.queue.names=default
fs.hdfs.impl=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem
mapred.child.java.opts=-Xmx200m
mapred.jobtracker.blacklist.fault-timeout-window=180
mapred.merge.recordsBeforeProgress=10000
mapred.jobtracker.job.history.block.size=3145728
mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.maxfetchfailures=10
io.mapfile.bloom.error.rate=0.005
mapreduce.job.split.metainfo.maxsize=10000000
io.bytes.per.checksum=512
mapred.child.tmp=./tmp
fs.har.impl.disable.cache=true
ipc.client.tcpnodelay=false
fs.hftp.impl=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.HftpFileSystem
io.sort.mb=100
mapred.cluster.max.reduce.memory.mb=-1
mapred.line.input.format.linespermap=1
mapreduce.tasktracker.outofband.heartbeat.damper=1000000
mapreduce.job.acl-modify-job=
mapred.combine.recordsBeforeProgress=10000
fs.s3.sleepTimeSeconds=10
mapred.map.tasks=6
mapred.task.tracker.report.address=127.0.0.1:0