Java中的方法引用(Method references)

目录

1.定义

2.函数式接口

2.1消费型接口

2.2提供型接口

2.3方法型接口

2.4断言型接口

3.表现形式

3.1实例对象::方法名称

3.2类::静态方法名

3.3类::实例方法名

3.4类::new

3.5类[]::new

4.总结

---

1.定义

        Java中的方法引用指的是Lambda表达式的一种语法糖，其表现形式通常为Object::toString。

2.函数式接口

        示例涉及到函数式接口问题，先进行相关介绍。Lambda基础支持有时间整理。

        函数式接口：接口中只有一个抽象方法的称为函数式接口。可以使用@FunctionalInterface
进行修饰。

介绍四个Java8内置核心函数式接口：

2.1消费型接口

package java.util.function;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no
 * result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, {@code Consumer} is expected
 * to operate via side-effects.
 *
 * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 * whose functional method is {@link #accept(Object)}.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the input to the operation
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {

    /**
     * Performs this operation on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     */
    void accept(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
     * operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
     * composed operation.  If performing this operation throws an exception,
     * the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
     *
     * @param after the operation to perform after this operation
     * @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
     */
    default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
    }
}

2.2提供型接口

package java.util.function;

/**
 * Represents a supplier of results.
 *
 * <p>There is no requirement that a new or distinct result be returned each
 * time the supplier is invoked.
 *
 * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 * whose functional method is {@link #get()}.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of results supplied by this supplier
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {

    /**
     * Gets a result.
     *
     * @return a result
     */
    T get();
}

2.3方法型接口

package java.util.function;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Represents a function that accepts one argument and produces a result.
 *
 * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 * whose functional method is {@link #apply(Object)}.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the input to the function
 * @param <R> the type of the result of the function
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function to its input, and then applies this function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of input to the {@code before} function, and to the
     *           composed function
     * @param before the function to apply before this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function and then applies this function
     * @throws NullPointerException if before is null
     *
     * @see #andThen(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(before);
        return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
     * its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
     *           composed function
     * @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
     * applies the {@code after} function
     * @throws NullPointerException if after is null
     *
     * @see #compose(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a function that always returns its input argument.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input and output objects to the function
     * @return a function that always returns its input argument
     */
    static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }
}

2.4断言型接口

package java.util.function;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument.
 *
 * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 * whose functional method is {@link #test(Object)}.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the input to the predicate
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {

    /**
     * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate,
     * otherwise {@code false}
     */
    boolean test(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate.
     *
     * @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate
     */
    default Predicate<T> negate() {
        return (t) -> !test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of arguments to the predicate
     * @param targetRef the object reference with which to compare for equality,
     *               which may be {@code null}
     * @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
     */
    static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
        return (null == targetRef)
                ? Objects::isNull
                : object -> targetRef.equals(object);
    }
}

3.表现形式

3.1实例对象::方法名称

PrintStream out = System.out;
Consumer<String> consumer = x -> out.println(x);
Consumer<String> consumer1 = out::println;
consumer.accept("Lambda写法");
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
consumer1.accept("声明式写法写法");

结果：

Lambda写法
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
声明式写法写法

3.2类::静态方法名

Function<String, Integer> function = x -> Integer.valueOf(x);
Function<String, Integer> function1 = Integer::valueOf;
System.out.println(function.apply("123"));
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println(function1.apply("456"));

结果：

123
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
456

3.3类::实例方法名

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("l1","l2","l3","l4","l5");
Function<List<String>, Integer> function = x -> x.size();
Function<List<String>, Integer> function1 = List::size;
System.out.println(function.apply(list));
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println(function1.apply(list));

结果：

5
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5

3.4类::new

Supplier<ArrayList<String>> supplier = () -> new ArrayList<>();
Supplier<ArrayList<String>> supplier1 = ArrayList::new;
System.out.println(supplier.get());
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println(supplier.get());

结果：

[]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[]

3.5类[]::new

Function<Integer, String[]> function = x -> new String[x];
Function<Integer, String[]> function1 = String[]::new;
System.out.println(function1.apply(1).length);
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println(function1.apply(10).length);

结果：

1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
10

4.总结

        JVM本身并不支持方法引用。java8的方法引用只是编译器层面的支持，只是开发者方便代码编写的方法糖。