Java中变化无常的常量

Java中变化无常的常量

问题：
第一版：
直接编译UserConstantsTest，编译过程中会检测到UserConstants尚未编译，然后会编译UserConstants

public class UserConstants {    
     public static final String USER_NAME = "admin";
     public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
     public static final String DESCRIPTION = null;
}

public class UserConstantsTest {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
          System.out.println("User Name: " + UserConstants.USER_NAME);
          System.out.println("Password: " + UserConstants.PASSWORD);
          System.out.println("Description: " + UserConstants.DESCRIPTION);
     }
}

运行结果如图所示：

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/539574/7fcce2a5-8a0f-37ef-8921-2efbce42691d.png[/img]


第二版：
只修改UserConstants，并且只重新编译UserConstants，得到结果如下图所示：

public class UserConstants {     
     public static final String USER_NAME = "root";
     public static final String PASSWORD = "123456789";
     public static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is root account";
}

运行结果如图所示：

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/539576/a0ab13dd-fb4b-34f3-bdce-940d89749b4d.png[/img]

原因：
[quote] First, true constant variables are inlined.
Second, null is not a constant variable and thus is not inlined and so the actual constant on the classpath is used in that case.[/quote]

Java编译器会讲常数值编译到UserConstantsTest 的指令码或者常量池中，当UserConstantsTest使用这些常量时直接使用保存在类文件中的副本，但是null不是常量值，不受此限。

解决：
第一种：使用get方法来获取常量值

 public static final String USER_NAME = "admin";
     public static String getUserName () {
          return USER_NAME;
     } 

第二种：使用ident方法来获取常量值

 private static String ident(final String constant) {
           return constant;
     }

     public static final String USER_NAME = ident("root");
     public static final String PASSWORD = ident("123456789");
     public static final String DESCRIPTION = ident("This is root account");

参考：
Inconstant Constants in Java：[url]http://www.javaworld.com/community/node/3400[/url]