java socket入门学习笔记

java socket

计算机网络知识不做赘述

一、InetAddress类

public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            System.out.println("--------获取ip地址-------");
            InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.43.8");
            System.out.println(byName);
            System.out.println("--------根据域名获取ip地址-------");
            InetAddress n2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(n2);
            System.out.println(n2.getHostName());  //获取ip对应的域名
            System.out.println(n2.getHostAddress());  //获取IP地址
            System.out.println("--------获取本地址-------");
            InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(localHost);
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

二、TCP编程

可靠,效率低

客户端:

  1. 创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip

  2. 获取一个输出流,用于输出数据

  3. 写出数据

  4. 关闭资源

    public class client {
        private static String ip="127.0.0.1";
        private static int port=8000;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            /*
            *   1. 创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip
                2. 获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
                3. 写出数据
                4. 关闭资源
            * */
    
            InetAddress ipAddr = null;
            Socket socket = null;
            OutputStream os = null;
            try {
                ipAddr = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
                socket = new Socket(ipAddr, port);
                os = socket.getOutputStream();
                while(true){
                    os.write("你好~~".getBytes());
                    Thread.currentThread().sleep(3000);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(os != null){
                    try {
                        os.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(socket != null){
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

服务器端:

  1. 创建服务器端SeverSocket对象,指明端口

  2. 接收来自客户端的socket

  3. 获取输入流

  4. 读取数据

  5. 关闭资源

    public class server {
        private static int port = 8000;
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            /*
            1. 创建服务器端SeverSocket对象,指明端口
            2. 接收来自客户端的socket
            3. 获取输入流
            4. 读取数据
            5. 关闭资源
            * */
            ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream inputStream = null;
            ByteOutputStream bos = null;
            try {
                serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                bos = new ByteOutputStream();
                int len = 0;
                byte [] buf = new byte[10];
                while((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
                    bos.write(buf,0,len);
                    System.out.println(bos.toString());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(bos != null){
                    bos.close();
                }
                if(inputStream != null){
                    try {
                        inputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(socket != null){
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(serverSocket != null){
                    try {
                        serverSocket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

三、UDP编程

不可靠,效率高

客户端:

  1. 创建DatagramSocket对象
  2. 创建datagramPacket数据包对象
  3. 发送数据
  4. 关闭连接
public class client {
    private static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
    private static int port = 8000;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = null;
        try{
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
            while(true){
                String s = sc.next();
                byte [] buf = s.getBytes();
                if(!"q".equals(s) && !"Q".equals(s)){
                    datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf,0,buf.length,InetAddress.getByName(ip),port);
                    datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
                }else{
                    break;
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(datagramSocket != null){
                datagramSocket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器端:

  1. 创建DatagramSocket对象
  2. 创建datagramPacket数据包对象
  3. 接收数据
  4. 关闭连接
public class sever {
    private static int port = 8000;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
        byte [] buf = new byte[100];
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = null;
        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(port);
            datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0, buf.length);
            while (true){
                datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
                System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress() + ":" + new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            datagramSocket.close();
        }
    }
}

四、URL编程

URL类

public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8080/MyWeb/hwllo.html?uername=zjj");
            System.out.println(url.getProtocol());   //获取协议名称
            System.out.println(url.getHost());     //获取IP地址
            System.out.println(url.getPort());     //获取端口号
            System.out.println(url.getPath());    //路径资源
            System.out.println(url.getQuery());   //获取参数
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

URL访问服务器下载图片

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpURLConnection conn = null;
                InputStream inputStream = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/jsp/zxy.png");
            conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.connect();
            inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
            fos = new FileOutputStream("zxy.png");
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len =0;
            while((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
                fos.write(buf,0,len);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fos != null){
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(inputStream != null){
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(conn != null){
                conn.disconnect();
            }
        }
    }

实例:

一、实现传输文件至本地(此处用图片)

实现:socket+io

客户端:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\18255\\Desktop\\zxy.png"));
            socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 8000);
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            int len = 0;
            byte [] buf = new byte[1024];
            while((len = bis.read(buf)) != -1){
                os.write(buf,0,len);
            }
            socket.shutdownOutput();     //给服务器传传输完成指令
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte [] buf2 = new byte[20];
            int len1 = 0;
            while((len1 = is.read(buf2)) != -1){
                bos.write(buf2,0,len1);
            }
            System.out.println(bos.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

服务端:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000);
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\18255\\Desktop\\socketFile.png"));
            int len = 0;
            byte [] buf = new byte[1024];
            while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1){         //由于read是阻塞式的,所以需要在客户端给出停止传输指令才能跳出循环
                bos.write(buf,0,len);
            }
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("complete~".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(bos != null){
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is != null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

二、使用UDP实现双向通信

实现方式:开启双线程一个用于接收,另一个用于发送

客户端:

public class client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Send send = new Send();
        Recive recive = new Recive();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(send);
        t1.setName("发送线程");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(recive);
        t2.setName("接收线程");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
/*发送*/
class Send implements  Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入对方的ip地址:");
        String ip = sc.next();
        InetAddress ipaddr = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
        System.out.println("请输入对方的额端口号:");
        int port = sc.nextInt();
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = null;
        try{
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            byte []buf = null;
            while(true){
                //System.out.println("请输入信息:");
                String s = sc.next();
                buf = s.getBytes();
                datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf,0, buf.length,ipaddr,port);
                socket.send(datagramPacket);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            socket.close();
        }
    }
}
/*接收*/
class Recive implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = null;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(8000);
            byte []buf = new byte[100];
            while(true){
                datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0, buf.length);
                socket.receive(datagramPacket);
                System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(socket != null){
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端:

public class sever {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Send1 send = new Send1();
        Recive1 recive = new Recive1();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(send);
        t1.setName("发送线程");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(recive);
        t2.setName("接收线程");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
/*发送*/
class Send1 implements  Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入对方的ip地址:");
        String ip = sc.next();
        InetAddress ipaddr = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
        System.out.println("请输入对方的额端口号:");
        int port = sc.nextInt();
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = null;
        try{
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            byte []buf = null;
            while(true){
                //System.out.println("请输入信息:");
                String s = sc.next();
                buf = s.getBytes();
                datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf,0, buf.length,ipaddr,port);
                socket.send(datagramPacket);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            socket.close();
        }
    }
}
/*接收*/
class Recive1 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = null;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(8001);
            byte []buf = new byte[100];
            while(true){
                datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0, buf.length);
                socket.receive(datagramPacket);
                System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(socket != null){
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

以上服务器于客户端基本一致,所以可以不区分服务器与客户端,谁先开启谁就是服务端(UDP才可以,TCP只能服务端先开启)

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