Geeksquiz | Macro & Preprocessor

macro & preprocessor

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Macro & Preprocessor

Question 1 WRONG

#include <stdio.h> #define PRINT(i, limit) do \                          { \                              if (i++ < limit) \                              { \                                  printf ( "GeeksQuiz\n" ); \                                  continue ; \                              } \                          } while (1)   int main() {      PRINT(0, 3);      return 0; }

How many times  GeeksQuiz is printed in the above program?

A	1
	3
C	4
	Compile-time error

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Question 1 Explanation: 

The  PRINT macro gets expanded at the pre-processor time i.e. before the compilation time. After the macro expansion, the if expression becomes:  if (0++ < 3). Since  0 is a constant figure and represents only r-value, applying increment operator gives compile-time error: lvalue required. lvalue means a memory location with some address.

Question 2 CORRECT

#include <stdio.h> #if X == 3      #define Y 3 #else      #define Y 5 #endif   int main() {      printf ( "%d" , Y);      return 0; }

What is the output of the above program?

A	3
	5
C	3 or 5 depending on value of X
D	Compile time error

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Question 2 Explanation: 

In the first look, the output seems to be compile-time error because macro X has not been defined. In C, if a macro is not defined, the pre-processor assigns 0 to it by default. Hence, the control goes to the conditional else part and 5 is printed. See the next question for better understanding.

Question 3 CORRECT

What is the output of following program?

#include <stdio.h> #define macro(n, a, i, m) m##a##i##n #define MAIN macro(n, a, i, m)   int MAIN() {      printf ( " GeeksQuiz " ); }

A	Compiler Error
	GeeksQuiz
C	MAIN
D	main

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Question 3 Explanation: 

The program has a preprocessor that replaces "MAIN" with "macro(n, a, i, m)". The line "macro(n, a, i, m)" is again replaced by main. The key thing to note is  token pasting operator ## which concatenates parameters to macro.

Question 4 WRONG

#include <stdio.h> #define X 3 #if !X      printf ( "Geeks" ); #else      printf ( "Quiz" );    #endif int main() {          return 0; }

	Geeks
B	Quiz
	Compiler Error
D	Runtime Error

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Question 4 Explanation: 

A program is converted to executable using following steps 1) Preprocessing 2) C code to object code conversion 3) Linking The first step processes macros. So the code is converted to following after the preprocessing step.

printf("Quiz");
int main()
{
        return 0;
}

The above code produces error because printf() is called outside main. The following program works fine and prints "Quiz"

#include 
#define X 3

int main()
{
#if !X
    printf("Geeks");
#else
    printf("Quiz");

#endif
    return 0;
}

Question 5 CORRECT

#include <stdio.h> #define ISEQUAL(X, Y) X == Y int main() {      #if ISEQUAL(X, 0)          printf ( "Geeks" );      #else          printf ( "Quiz" );      #endif      return 0; }

Output of the above program?

	Geeks
B	Quiz
C	Any of Geeks or Quiz
D	Compile time error

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Question 5 Explanation: 

The conditional macro  #if ISEQUAL(X, 0) is expanded to  #if X == 0. After the pre-processing is over, all the undefined macros are initialized with default value 0. Since macro X has not been defined, it is initialized with 0. So,  Geeks is printed.

Question 6 WRONG

#include <stdio.h> #define square(x) x*x int main() {    int x;    x = 36/square(6);    printf ( "%d" , x);    return 0; }

	1
	36
C	0
D	Compiler Error

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Question 6 Explanation: 

Preprocessor replaces square(6) by 6*6 and the expression becomes x = 36/6*6 and value of x is calculated as 36. Note that the macro will also fail for expressions "x = square(6-2)" If we want correct behavior from macro square(x), we should declare the macro as

#define square(x) ((x)*(x))  

Question 7 WRONG

Output?

# include <stdio.h> # define scanf  "%s Geeks Quiz " int main() {     printf ( scanf , scanf );     return 0; }

	Compiler Error
B	%s Geeks Quiz
C	Geeks Quiz
	%s Geeks Quiz Geeks Quiz

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Question 7 Explanation: 

After pre-processing phase of compilation, printf statement will become. printf("%s Geeks Quiz ", "%s Geeks Quiz "); Now you can easily guess why output is "%s Geeks Quiz Geeks Quiz".

Question 8 WRONG

#include <stdio.h> #define a 10 int main() {    printf ( "%d " ,a);      #define a 50      printf ( "%d " ,a);    return 0; }

	Compiler Error
	10 50
C	50 50
D	10 10

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Question 8 Explanation: 

Preprocessor doesn't give any error if we redefine a preprocessor directive. It may give warning though. Preprocessor takes the most recent value before use of and put it in place of a.

Question 9 CORRECT

Output?

#include<stdio.h> #define f(g,g2) g##g2 int main() {     int var12 = 100;     printf ( "%d" , f(var,12));     return 0; }

	100
B	Compiler Error
C	0
D	1

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Question 9 Explanation: 

The operator ## is called “Token-Pasting” or “Merge” Operator. It merges two tokens into one token. So, after preprocessing, the main function becomes as follows, and prints 100.

int main() 
{ 
   int var12 = 100; 
   printf("%d", var12); 
   return 0; 
}

Question 10 CORRECT

Which file is generated after pre-processing of a C program?

A	.p
	.i
C	.o
D	.m

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Question 10 Explanation: 

After the pre-processing of a C program, a  .i file is generated which is passed to the compiler for compilation.

Question 11 CORRECT

What is the use of "#pragma once"?

	Used in a header file to avoid its inclusion more than once.
B	Used to avoid multiple declarations of same variable.
C	Used in a c file to include a header file at least once.
D	Used to avoid assertions

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Question 12 CORRECT

Predict the output of following program?

#include <stdio.h> #define MAX 1000 int main() {     int MAX = 100;     printf ( "%d " , MAX);     return 0; }

A	1000
B	100
	Compiler Error
D	Garbage Value

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Question 12 Explanation: 

After preprocessing stage of compilation, the function main() changes to following

int main()
{
   int 1000 = 100;  // COMPILER ERROR: expected unqualified-id before numeric constant
   printf("%d ", 1000);
   return 0;
}

Question 13 CORRECT

Output of following C program?

#include<stdio.h> #define max abc #define abc 100   int main() {      printf ( "maximum is %d" , max);      return 0; }

	maximum is 100
B	abcimum is 100
C	100imum is 100
D	abcimum is abc

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Question 14 CORRECT

#include <stdio.h> #define get(s) #s   int main() {      char str[] = get(GeeksQuiz);      printf ( "%s" , str);      return 0; }

A	Compiler Error
B	#GeeksQuiz
	GeeksQuiz
D	GGeeksQuiz

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Question 14 Explanation: 

The preprocessing operator '#' is used to convert a string argument into a string constant.

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Your score is 64%.