ubuntu1804

1、网络配置

网卡配置文件

cat /etc/network/interfaces 
# ifupdown has been replaced by netplan(5) on this system.  See
# /etc/netplan for current configuration.
# To re-enable ifupdown on this system, you can run:
#    sudo apt install ifupdown

cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml 
# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        ens33:
            addresses:
            - 10.0.0.203/24
            dhcp4: false
            gateway4: 10.0.0.254
            nameservers:
                addresses:
                - 10.0.0.254
                search: []
        ens34:
            addresses:
            - 172.16.1.203/24
            dhcp4: false
            nameservers:
                addresses: []
                search: []
    version: 2

vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses:
      - 192.168.8.10/24
      gateway4: 192.168.8.254
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - 192.168.8.254
    ens34:
      addresses:
      - 172.16.1.10/24
      nameservers: {}
  version: 2

ubuntu22 参考以下配置
vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

network:
	ethernets:
		ens33:
			dhcp4: no
			dhcp6: no
			addresses:
				- 192.168.0.10/24
			routes:
				- to: default
				  via: 192.168.0.1
			nameservers:
				addresses:
					- 114.114.114.114
					- 8.8.8.8
	version: 2
	renderer: networkd

network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses:
        - 10.10.10.174/24
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses:
          - 202.106.0.20
  renderer: NetworkManager

vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: yes
      dhcp6: no
  renderer: NetworkManager

重启网络

netplan apply

附:

dhclient
apt install  netplan
apt-get install netplan.io
netplan apply


dhclient -r     #释放IP
dhclient        #获取IP

dns服务器配置

vim /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

...
[Resolve]
DNS=202.201.0.132
FallbackDNS=202.201.0.133
...

重启服务

systemctl status systemd-resolved.service

2、用户相关

sudo无需密码

vim /etc/sudoers
最后一行添加

wuxing ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

3、安装openssh-server，允许root登录ssh

apt-get install openssh-server

egrep -v "#|^$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf
PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
UsePAM no
X11Forwarding yes
PrintMotd no
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem	sftp	/usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

sshd直接启动

mkdir -p /var/run/sshd
ssh-keygen -A
echo "root:123456" |chpasswd
nohup /usr/sbin/sshd -D &

4、软件源

cat /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

或

sed 's#archive.ubuntu.com#mirrors.aliyun.com#g' /etc/apt/sources.list

更新apt-get源

apt-get update

安装软件包

apt-get install gcc
apt-get install yum
apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

设置启动模式

sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target # 命令行
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target  # 图形用户界面

5、软件包管理

https://blog.csdn.net/mbxc816/article/details/7473906?tdsourcetag=s_pcqq_aiomsg

dpkg --info   "软件包名" --列出软件包解包后的包名称.

dpkg -l   --列出当前系统中所有的包.可以和参数less一起使用在分屏查看. (类似于rpm -qa)
dpkg -l |grep -i "软件包名"    --查看系统中与"软件包名"相关联的包.
dpkg -l |grep mysql

dpkg -s    查询已安装的包的详细信息.

dpkg -L    查询系统中已安装的软件包所安装的位置. (类似于rpm -ql)
dpkg -L mysql-server

dpkg -S   查询系统中某个文件属于哪个软件包. (类似于rpm -qf)
dpkg -S mysqld

dpkg -I    查询deb包的详细信息,在一个软件包下载到本地之后看看用不用安装(看一下呗).

dpkg -i   手动安装软件包(这个命令并不能解决软件包之前的依赖性问题),如果在安装某一个软件包的时候遇到了软件依赖的问题,可以用apt-get -f install在解决信赖性这个问题.

dpkg -r   卸载软件包.不是完全的卸载,它的配置文件还存在.
dpkg -P   全部卸载(但是还是不能解决软件包的依赖性的问题)
dpkg -reconfigure   重新配置

说明	Redhat系	Debian系
更新缓存	yum makecache	apt-get update
更新包	yum update	apt-get upgrade
检索包	yum search	apt-cache search
检索包内文件	yum provides	apt-file search
安装指定的包	yum install	apt-get install
删除指定的包	yum remove	apt-get remove
显示指定包的信息	yum info	apt-cache show
显示包所在组的一览	yum grouplist	-
显示指定包所在组的信息	yum groupinfo	-
安装指定的包组	yum groupinstall	-
删除指定的包组	yum groupremove	-
参考库的设定文件	/etc/yum.repos.d/*	/etc/apt/sources.list
安装完的包的列表	rpm -qa	dpkg-query -l
显示安装完的指定包的信息	rpm -qi	apt-cache show
安装完的指定包内的文件列表	rpm -ql	dpkg-query -L
安装完的包的信赖包的列表	rpm -qR	apt-cache depends
安装完的文件信赖的包	rpm -qf	dpkg -S

6、设置时区

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

7、防火墙

关闭

systemctl disable ufw.service
ufw disable

查看状态

ufw status

附

vim粘贴内容错乱

:set paste