作为微服务架构中最为核心和基础的服务治理,注册中心提供了微服务实例的自动化注册与发现。而作为一个服务注册中心,eureka的作用与传统的zk、etcd的作用是一样的,同样也支持高可用(集群)。不同之处在于它不是作为一个独立的服务器或者服务器集群存在,而是作为一个组件(或者说服务)存在,它分为服务端组件、客户端组件。可以把服务端组件看成是zk或者etcd(注册中心),其他注册到服务端的组件都可以看成是把客户端组件,比如服务提供方、消费方的微服务等。另外一个明显的特征是eureka是由java代码实现的,因此主要使用对象是JVM兼容的分布式系统。
搭建单例eureka服务端很简单,三板斧即可:
1、pom.xml引入最新版本Greenwich.SR2的spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、application.properties配置端口、单机的话无需让注册中心注册自己、也无需去注册中心查询服务(集群时需要):
#本机端口
server.port=8888
#是否向注册中心注册自己
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
#是否从注册中心查询服务
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
#注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8888/eureka/
3、最后写一个主类,只要加上@EnableEurekaServer证明它是注册中心:
package hello;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}
客户端分服务提供方、服务消费方,先看服务提供方,还是三板斧:
1、pom需要把eureka客户端jar引入spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-client-service-provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、application配置:
#本机端口
server.port=8762
#本机服务名
spring.application.name=a-bootiful-client
#注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8888/eureka/
3、主类加上注解@EnableDiscoveryClient用于服务发现:
package hello;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaClientServiceProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
@RestController
class ServiceInstanceRestController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@RequestMapping("/service-instances/{applicationName}")
public List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstancesByApplicationName(
@PathVariable String applicationName) {
return this.discoveryClient.getInstances(applicationName);
}
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "World") String name) {
return "Hello, " + name + "---------port: " + port;
}
}
服务消费方还是老套路:
1、pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-client-service-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、application,这里配置了app.service.url是服务方实例名,方便调用时指定,当然你也可以在调用服务提供方的代码里硬编码指定:
#本机端口
server.port=8763
#本机服务名
spring.application.name=a-beautiful-client
#注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8888/eureka/
#服务提供者实例名称
app.service.url=http://A-BOOTIFUL-CLIENT/
3、主类同样需要加上:
package hello;
import hello.service.ConsumerService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaClientServiceClientApplication {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientServiceClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
@RestController
class ServiceInstanceRestController {
@Autowired
private ConsumerService consumerService;
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@RequestMapping("/sayHello")
public String sayHello(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "Spring Cloud") String name) {
return consumerService.call(name);
}
@RequestMapping("/service-instances/{applicationName}")
public List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstancesByApplicationName(
@PathVariable String applicationName) {
return this.discoveryClient.getInstances(applicationName);
}
}
ConsumerService类:
package hello.service;
public interface ConsumerService {
String call(String name);
}
ConusmerServiceImpl类:
package hello.service.impl;
import hello.service.ConsumerService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class ConusmerServiceImpl implements ConsumerService {
@Value("${app.service.url}")
private String appServiceUrl;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Override
public String call(String name) {
ResponseEntity resultResponseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(appServiceUrl + "hello?name=" + name, null, String.class);
if (resultResponseEntity != null && resultResponseEntity.getBody() != null) {
return name + " says: " + resultResponseEntity.getBody().toString();
}
return null;
}
}
好了,接下来依次启动注册中心、服务提供方、服务消费方,浏览器上输入http://localhost:8763/sayHello?name=world,可以看到消费方通过注册中心发现了提供方,然后消费方调用了提供方的/hello:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/910e88085684aa4c7c920527b01472c0.png)
直接调提供方:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6e1025635ea3845ac3383ebf00a2466c.png)
这个是注册中心:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1e1725b25719f185e00f88ed4b71533a.png)
如图,服务端(a-bootiful-client)可以看到有两个实例,为何起两个呢?用来测试ribbon的负载均衡,这块内容详见Greenwich.SR2版本的Spring Cloud Ribbon实例。