前面我们了解了Spring Cloud Ribbon和Hystrix,在使用上它们基本上会成队出现,那么是不是可以把它们组合起来使用?而且我们发现,在服务消费方a-beautiful-client里通过REST调用服务提供方时,会有很多RestTemplate的代码,这些重复代码能否简化掉呢?答案是肯定的,Spring Cloud为我们提供了Feign,就是整合了Ribbon和Hystrix,并且提供了一种声明式的Web服务客户端定义方式,让我们只需要定义好REST接口即可,服务消费方无需再写实现了。
我们这次新增一个a-feign-client吧,把它跟a-beautiful-client(参见Greenwich.SR2版本的Spring Cloud Eureka实例)来做一番比较。三板斧祭出:
1、pom里我们去掉了ribbon和hystrix,只需引入openfeign即可:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、application:
#本机端口
server.port=8764
#本机服务名
spring.application.name=a-feign-client
#服务提供方实例地址
app.service.url=http://A-BOOTIFUL-CLIENT/
#注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8888/eureka/
#开启熔断
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
#负载均衡配置
a-bootiful-client.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
主类我们用@EnableFeignClients代替了@EnableCircuitBreaker和@LoadBalance:
package hello;
import hello.service.ConsumerService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
@RestController
class ServiceInstanceRestController {
@Autowired
private ConsumerService consumerService;
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/sayHi")
public String sayHi(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name, @RequestParam(value = "accessToken", required = false) String accessToken) {
return name + " say hi: " + consumerService.hello(name);
}
@RequestMapping("/service-instances/{applicationName}")
public List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstancesByApplicationName(
@PathVariable String applicationName) {
return this.discoveryClient.getInstances(applicationName);
}
}
3、我们改写一下接口,再新增一个熔断的服务降级类:
package hello.service;
import hello.service.impl.BackUPCallHi;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@Component
@FeignClient(name = "a-bootiful-client", fallback = BackUPCallHi.class)
public interface ConsumerService {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
String hello(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
package hello.service.impl;
import hello.service.ConsumerService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class BackUPCallHi implements ConsumerService {
@Override
public String hello(String name) {
return "I'm feign hystrix.";
}
}
搞定,可以看到原来a-beautiful-client能干的事情,a-feign-client也做到了:
负载均衡:
熔断:
上面我们看到url后面多了一个accessToken的参数,这个其实是给网关鉴权用的,详见Greenwich.SR2版本的Spring Cloud Zuul实例。