同步与异步 阻塞与非阻塞 WinSock编程

首先，先推荐两个人写的博客，里面有他们对于《同步与异步 阻塞与非阻塞》的理解，最近被这两个概念搞的头疼，一直也没有什么头绪。

http://blog.csdn.net/historyasamirror/article/details/4270633

http://www.cppblog.com/converse/archive/2009/05/13/82879.html

 

个人理解，同步与异步的区别就是看是程序自己接受完成的信号还是由别人通知，想WSAsyncSelect模型是异步的，它即是通过程序实现约定的消息到指定的消息接受的处理段。

阻塞与非阻塞的区别就是函数执行时程序能不能做别的处理，如果能，就是非阻塞的。比如，一般的socket套接字的accept函数就是阻塞的，程序执行到此函数后如果没有返回值就一直等待。

但是，可用ioctlsocket函数来改变。

// ULONG   NONBLOCK=1;
// ioctlsocket(sListen,FIONBIO,&NONBLOCK);

改变阻塞与非阻塞的模式。

 

/*程序以命令的方式运行
命令格式如下：
server [-p:x] [-i:IP] [-o]
-p:x     进行监听的端口号
-i:str   进行监听的IP,应用于多ip服务器
-o       只接收消息，不发送回应消息
*/
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define DEFAULT_PORT 5150 /*默认端口号*/
#define DEFAULT_BUFFER 4896 /*缓冲区大小*/

unsigned short iPort = DEFAULT_PORT;
BOOL bInterface = FALSE, bRecvOnly = FALSE;
char szAddress[128];

/*显示参数列表*/
void usage()
{
	printf("usage: server [-p:x] [-i:IP] [-o]\n\n");
	printf("       -p:x      Port number to listen on\n");
	printf("       -i:str    Interface to listen on\n");
	printf("       -o        Don't echo the data back\n\n");
	ExitProcess(1);
}

/*验证参数*/
void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
	{
		if ((argv[i][0] =='-') || (argv[i][0] == '/'))
		{
			switch (tolower(argv[i][1]))
			{
				/*指定端口*/
			case 'p':
				iPort = atoi(&argv[i][3]);
				break;

				/*指定IP*/
			case 'i':
				bInterface = TRUE;
				if (strlen(argv[i]) > 3)
					strcpy(szAddress, &argv[i][3]);
				break;

				/*只接收消息，不回应*/
			case 'o':
				bRecvOnly = TRUE;
				break;

				/*非法参数，显示参数列表*/
			default:
				usage();
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

/*与客户机通信的线程函数*/
DWORD WINAPI ClientThread(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	SOCKET sock = (SOCKET)lpParam;
	char szBuff[DEFAULT_BUFFER];
	int ret, nLeft, idx;
	while (1)
	{
		/*接收来自客户机的消息*/
		ret = recv(sock, szBuff,DEFAULT_BUFFER, 0);
		if (ret == 0)
			break;
		else if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			printf("recv() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			break;
		}
		szBuff[ret] = '\0';
		printf("RECV: %s\n", szBuff);

		if (!bRecvOnly)
		{
			nLeft = ret;
			idx = 0;
			while (nLeft > 0)
			{
				/*向客户机发送回应消息*/
				ret = send(sock, &szBuff[idx], nLeft, 0);
				if (ret == 0)
					break;
				else if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
				{
					printf("send() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
					break;
				}
				nLeft -=ret;
				idx +=ret;
			}
		}

	}
	return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	WSADATA wsd;
	SOCKET sListen, sClient;
	int iAddrSize;
	HANDLE hThread;
	DWORD dwThread;
	struct sockaddr_in local, client;

	/*验证参数*/
	ValidateArgs(argc, argv);

	/*加载Winsock DLL*/
	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsd) != 0)
	{
		printf("Failed to load WinSock!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	/*创建Socket*/
	sListen = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP);
//	ULONG   NONBLOCK=1; 
//	ioctlsocket(sListen,FIONBIO,&NONBLOCK);
	if (sListen == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("socket() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return 1;
	}
	if (bInterface)
	{
		local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(szAddress);
		if (local.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
		{
			usage();
		}
	}
	else 
	{
		local.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	}
	local.sin_family = AF_INET;
	local.sin_port = htons(iPort);

	/*绑定Socket*/
	if (bind(sListen, 
		(struct sockaddr*)&local,
		sizeof(local)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("bind() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return 1;
	}
	/*打开监听*/
	listen(sListen, 8);

	/*在端口进行监听，一旦有客户机发起连接请示
	就建立与客户机进行通信的线程*/
	while(1)
	{
		iAddrSize = sizeof(client);
		/*监听是否有连接请求*/
		sClient = accept(sListen, 
			(struct sockaddr*)&client, 
			&iAddrSize);
		if (sClient == INVALID_SOCKET)
		{
			printf("accept() failed: %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
			break;
		}
		printf("Acceped client: %s:%d\n",
			inet_ntoa(client.sin_addr), 
			ntohs(client.sin_port));

		hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 
			0, 
			ClientThread,
			(LPVOID)sClient, 
			0, 
			&dwThread);
		if (hThread == NULL)
		{
			printf("CreateThread() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
			break;
		}
		CloseHandle(hThread);
	}
	closesocket(sListen);
	WSACleanup();
	return 0;
}