Pandas模块之DataFrame：02-索引与切片

Dataframe既有行索引也有列索引，可以被看做由Series组成的字典。

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(100,size =12).reshape(3,4),
                   index = ['one','two','three'],
                   columns = ['a','b','c','d'])
print(df)
============================
        a   b   c   d
one    35  35  17  50
two    53   4  51  23
three  82  12  51  97

# 按照列名选择列，只选择一列输出Series，选择多列输出Dataframe
data1 = df['a']
data2 = df[['a','c']]
print(data1,type(data1))
print(data2,type(data2))
============================
one      35
two      53
three    82
Name: a, dtype: int32 <class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
        a   c
one    35  17
two    53  51
three  82  51 <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>

# 按照index选择行，只选择一行输出Series，选择多行输出Dataframe
data3 = df.loc['one']
data4 = df.loc[['one','two']]
print(data3,type(data3))
print(data4,type(data4))
============================
a    35
b    35
c    17
d    50
Name: one, dtype: int32 <class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
      a   b   c   d
one  35  35  17  50
two  53   4  51  23 <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>

df[ ]的用法

df[ ]默认选择列，[ ]中写列名（所以一般数据colunms都会单独制定，不会用默认数字列名，以免和index冲突）。单选列结果为Series，多选列结果为Dataframe。选取列名不能超出源数据列名，不然报错

data1 = df['a']
data2 = df[['b','c']]  
print(data1)
print