网关（Spring Cloud Gateway）

组件	RPS
Spring Cloud Gatway	Requests/sec：32213.38
Zuul1.0	Requests/sec：20080.13
Linkerd	Requests/sec：28050.76

网关提供 API 全托管服务，丰富的 API 管理功能，辅助企业管理大规模的 API，以降低管理成本和安全风险，包括协议适配、协议转发、安全策略、防刷、流量、监控日志等功能。

• Route（路由）：它由一个ID、一个目标URI、一组断言和一组过滤器定义。如果聚合谓词为true，则匹配路由。
• Predicate（断言）：这是一个Java8函数断言。输入类型是Spring Framework ServerWebExchange。这允许您匹配来自HTTP请求的任何内容，例如头或参数。
• Filter（过滤）：用特定工厂构建的GatewayFilter实例。在这里，您可以在发送下游请求之前或之后修改请求和响应。

 工作原理：

Route Predicate Factories 

• The After Route Predicate Factory：指定日期时间之后发生的请求，接受一个参数datetime（它是java ZonedDateTime）。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: after_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]

•  The After Route Predicate Factory：指定日期时间之前发生的请求，接受一个参数datetime（它是java ZonedDateTime）。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: before_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Before=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]

•  The Between Route Predicate Factory：发生在datetime1之后和datetime2之前的请求。datetime2参数必须在datetime1之后

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: between_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver], 2017-01-21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]

•  The Cookie Route Predicate Factory：匹配具有给定名称且其值与正则表达式匹配的Cookie，接受两个参数，Cookie名称和regexp（这是一个Java正则表达式）。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: cookie_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Cookie=chocolate, ch.p

•  The Header Route Predicate Factory：匹配具有给定名称且其值与正则表达式匹配的Header，接受两个参数，Header名称和regexp（这是一个Java正则表达式）。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: header_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Header=X-Request-Id, \d+

•  The Host Route Predicate Factory：主机名匹配。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: host_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Host=**.somehost.org,**.anotherhost.org

•  The Method Route Predicate Factory：请求方式匹配。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: method_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Method=GET,POST

• The Path Route Predicate Factory：路径匹配 。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: path_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Path=/red/{segment},/blue/{segment}

•  The Query Route Predicate Factory：参数匹配，一个必需的参数和一个可选的regexp（这是一个Java正则表达式）。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: query_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Query=green


spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: query_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Query=red, gree.

•  The RemoteAddr Route Predicate Factory：IP地址匹配。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: remoteaddr_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1/24

GatewayFilter Factories

• The AddRequestHeader GatewayFilter Factory：请求头键值过滤。

# 匹配请求的下游请求头
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_header_route
        uri: https://example.org
        filters:
        - AddRequestHeader=X-Request-red, blue

# 匹配路径或主机的URI变量
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_header_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Path=/red/{segment}
        filters:
        - AddRequestHeader=X-Request-Red, Blue-{segment}

• The AddRequestParamter GatewayFilter Factory：请求参数键值过滤。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_parameter_route
        uri: https://example.org
        filters:
        - AddRequestParameter=red, blue

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_parameter_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Host: {segment}.myhost.org
        filters:
        - AddRequestParameter=foo, bar-{segment}

• The DeduperesponseHeader GatewayFilter Factory：名称参数和可选策略参数。名称可以包含以空格分隔的标题名称列表。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: dedupe_response_header_route
        uri: https://example.org
        filters:
        - DedupeResponseHeader=Access-Control-Allow-Credentials Access-Control-Allow-Origin

• Spring Cloud CircuitBreaker GatewayFilter Factory：断路器网关过滤器。

# 
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: circuitbreaker_route
        uri: https://example.org
        filters:
        - CircuitBreaker=myCircuitBreaker

#
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: circuitbreaker_route
        uri: lb://backing-service:8088
        predicates:
        - Path=/consumingServiceEndpoint
        filters:
        - name: CircuitBreaker
          args:
            name: myCircuitBreaker
            fallbackUri: forward:/inCaseOfFailureUseThis
        - RewritePath=/consumingServiceEndpoint, /backingServiceEndpoint

#
@Bean
public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
    return builder.routes()
        .route("circuitbreaker_route", r -> r.path("/consumingServiceEndpoint")
            .filters(f -> f.circuitBreaker(c -> c.name("myCircuitBreaker").fallbackUri("forward:/inCaseOfFailureUseThis"))
                .rewritePath("/consumingServiceEndpoint", "/backingServiceEndpoint")).uri("lb://backing-service:8088")
        .build();
}

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: ingredients
        uri: lb://ingredients
        predicates:
        - Path=//ingredients/**
        filters:
        - name: CircuitBreaker
          args:
            name: fetchIngredients
            fallbackUri: forward:/fallback
      - id: ingredients-fallback
        uri: http://localhost:9994
        predicates:
        - Path=/fallback