斯坦福大学(吴恩达) 机器学习课后习题详解 第五周 编程题 神经网络

作业下载 地址： https://download.csdn.net/download/wwangfabei1989/10301802

1. sigmoid梯度计算

function g = sigmoidGradient(z)
%SIGMOIDGRADIENT returns the gradient of the sigmoid function
%evaluated at z
%   g = SIGMOIDGRADIENT(z) computes the gradient of the sigmoid function
%   evaluated at z. This should work regardless if z is a matrix or a
%   vector. In particular, if z is a vector or matrix, you should return
%   the gradient for each element.


g = zeros(size(z));


% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the gradient of the sigmoid function evaluated at
%               each value of z (z can be a matrix, vector or scalar).




g=sigmoid(z).*(1-sigmoid(z));






















% =============================================================








end

2. 随机初始化权重

function W = randInitializeWeights(L_in, L_out)
%RANDINITIALIZEWEIGHTS Randomly initialize the weights of a layer with L_in
%incoming connections and L_out outgoing connections
%   W = RANDINITIALIZEWEIGHTS(L_in, L_out) randomly initializes the weights 
%   of a layer with L_in incoming connections and L_out outgoing 
%   connections. 
%
%   Note that W should be set to a matrix of size(L_out, 1 + L_in) as
%   the first column of W handles the "bias" terms
%


% You need to return the following variables correctly 
W = zeros(L_out, 1 + L_in);


% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Initialize W randomly so that we break the symmetry while
%               training the neural network.
%
% Note: The first column of W corresponds to the parameters for the bias unit
%




epsilon_init = 0.12; 
W = rand(L_out, 1 + L_in) * 2 * epsilon_init - epsilon_init;












% =========================================================================


end

3.神经网络代价函数

function [J grad] = nnCostFunction(nn_params, ...
                                   input_layer_size, ...
                                   hidden_layer_size, ...
                                   num_labels, ...
                                   X, y, lambda)
%NNCOSTFUNCTION Implements the neural network cost function for a two layer
%neural network which performs classification
%   [J grad] = NNCOSTFUNCTON(nn_params, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, ...
%   X, y, lambda) computes the cost and gradient of the neural network. The
%   parameters for the neural network are "unrolled" into the vector
%   nn_params and need to be converted back into the weight matrices. 
% 
%   The returned parameter grad should be a "unrolled" vector of the
%   partial derivatives of the neural network.
%


% Reshape nn_params back into the parameters Theta1 and Theta2, the weight matrices
% for our 2 layer neural network
Theta1 = reshape(nn_params(1:hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1)), ...
                 hidden_layer_size, (input_layer_size + 1));


Theta2 = reshape(nn_params((1 + (hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1))):end), ...
                 num_labels, (hidden_layer_size + 1));


% Setup some useful variables
m = size(X, 1);
         
% You need to return the following variables correctly 
J = 0;
Theta1_grad = zeros(size(Theta1));
Theta2_grad = zeros(size(Theta2));


% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: You should complete the code by working through the
%               following parts.
%
% Part 1: Feedforward the neural network and return the cost in the
%         variable J. After implementing Part 1, you can verify that your
%         cost function computation is correct by verifying the cost
%         computed in ex4.m
%
% Part 2: Implement the backpropagation algorithm to compute the gradients
%         Theta1_grad and Theta2_grad. You should return the partial derivatives of
%         the cost function with respect to Theta1 and Theta2 in Theta1_grad and
%         Theta2_grad, respectively. After implementing Part 2, you can check
%         that your implementation is correct by running checkNNGradients
%
%         Note: The vector y passed into the function is a vector of labels
%               containing values from 1..K. You need to map this vector into a 
%               binary vector of 1's and 0's to be used with the neural network
%               cost function.
%
%         Hint: We recommend implementing backpropagation using a for-loop
%               over the training examples if you are implementing it for the 
%               first time.
%
% Part 3: Implement regularization with the cost function and gradients.
%
%         Hint: You can implement this around the code for
%               backpropagation. That is, you can compute the gradients for
%               the regularization separately and then add them to Theta1_grad
%               and Theta2_grad from Part 2.
%


%--首先计算出 第三层的输出
X=[ones(m,1) X]
%第二层神经网络输出
secondlayer=sigmoid(X*Theta1');


%第三层 神经网络输出
O3=sigmoid([ones(m,1) secondlayer]*Theta2');




yk = zeros(num_labels, m); %初始化 所有 训练集 的 正确结果为0
for i=1:m,
  yk(y(i),i)=1;%对 每一组 sample设置 其 实际值 为 1，其他 为 0.
end


J = (1/m)*sum(sum((-yk').*log(O3)-(1-yk').*log(1-O3)));


J=J+(lambda/(2*m))*(sum(sum(Theta1(:,2:end).^2))+sum(sum(Theta2(:,2:end).^2)));


%按照 题目的步骤来写 就行了
for t=1:m,




% 正向传播 计算各节点值


a1 = X(t,:); %由于上面已经增加了 截距，故而在此处直接使用
z2 = Theta1 * a1';


a2 = sigmoid(z2);
a2 = [1 ; a2]; % 增加截距


z3 = Theta2 * a2;


a3 = sigmoid(z3); % 输出




% 反向传播
z2=[1; z2]; % 增加截距


delta_3 = a3 - yk(:,t); % 偏差值
delta_2 = (Theta2' * delta_3) .* sigmoidGradient(z2);


% 去除截距 节点 
delta_2 = delta_2(2:end); 


Theta2_grad = Theta2_grad + delta_3 * a2';
Theta1_grad = Theta1_grad + delta_2 * a1; % 此处 注意了 a1的size是1*401，而delta_2的size是25*1，故而此处不需要进行转置


end;


%Theta1_grad = Theta1_grad ./ m; 非正则化
%Theta2_grad = Theta2_grad ./ m;








Theta1_grad(:, 1) = Theta1_grad(:, 1) ./ m;%第1列 不进行 正则化


Theta1_grad(:, 2:end) = Theta1_grad(:, 2:end) ./ m + ((lambda/m) * Theta1(:, 2:end));




Theta2_grad(:, 1) = Theta2_grad(:, 1) ./ m;


Theta2_grad(:, 2:end) = Theta2_grad(:, 2:end) ./ m + ((lambda/m) * Theta2(:, 2:end));








% -------------------------------------------------------------


% =========================================================================


% Unroll gradients
grad = [Theta1_grad(:) ; Theta2_grad(:)];




end

知乎： https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/albertwang

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