坑爹的命名空间。好难理解。错误之处,还请指出。
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1、为什么要使用命名空间。
A、不同用户之间的隔离。
B、让不同用户感觉自己在独占主机。
C、未完待补充。
2、什么是命名空间。
根据“命名空间”四个字,大致猜测,是根据不同的命名,将不同用户、不同组的进程从逻辑上互相区分开。
再看看书上的解释:命名空间只使用一个内核在一台物理计算机上运作,将所有全局资源都通过命名空间抽象起来。这使得可以将一组进程放置到容器中,各个容器彼此隔离。隔离可以使容器的成员与其他容器毫无关系。
3、命名空间怎么实现
命名空间的实现需要两个部分:每个子系统的命名空间结构,将此前所有的全局组件包装到命名空间中;将给定进程关联到所属各个命名空间的机制。
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我们来看看代码:
/*
* A structure to contain pointers to all per-process
* namespaces - fs (mount), uts, network, sysvipc, etc.
*
* 'count' is the number of tasks holding a reference.
* The count for each namespace, then, will be the number
* of nsproxies pointing to it, not the number of tasks.
*
* The nsproxy is shared by tasks which share all namespaces.
* As soon as a single namespace is cloned or unshared, the
* nsproxy is copied.
*/
struct nsproxy {
atomic_t count;
struct uts_namespace *uts_ns;
struct ipc_namespace *ipc_ns;
struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns;
struct pid_namespace *pid_ns;
struct net *net_ns;
};
extern struct nsproxy init_nsproxy;
/*
* the namespaces access rules are:
*
* 1. only current task is allowed to change tsk->nsproxy pointer or
* any pointer on the nsproxy itself
*
* 2. when accessing (i.e. reading) current task's namespaces - no
* precautions should be taken - just dereference the pointers
*
* 3. the access to other task namespaces is performed like this
* rcu_read_lock();
* nsproxy = task_nsproxy(tsk);
* if (nsproxy != NULL) {
* / *
* * work with the namespaces here
* * e.g. get the reference on one of them
* * /
* } / *
* * NULL task_nsproxy() means that this task is
* * almost dead (zombie)
* * /
* rcu_read_unlock();
*
*/
nsproxy结构体用于汇集指向特定于子系统的命名空间包装器的指针
看一下nsproxy操作函数:
1、creat_nsproxy函数
static inline struct nsproxy *create_nsproxy(void)
{
struct nsproxy *nsproxy;
nsproxy = kmem_cache_alloc(nsproxy_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (nsproxy)
atomic_set(&nsproxy->count, 1);
return nsproxy;
}
这个函数很无趣,除了分配空间和设置count以外,什么也没有。
2、create_new_namespaces函数
/*
* Create new nsproxy and all of its the associated namespaces.
* Return the newly created nsproxy. Do not attach this to the task,
* leave it to the caller to do proper locking and attach it to task.
*/
static struct nsproxy *create_new_namespaces(unsigned long flags,
struct task_struct *tsk, struct user_namespace *user_ns,
struct fs_struct *new_fs)
{
struct nsproxy *new_nsp;
int err;
new_nsp = create_nsproxy();
if (!new_nsp)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
new_nsp->mnt_ns = copy_mnt_ns(flags, tsk->nsproxy->mnt_ns, user_ns, new_fs);
if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->mnt_ns)) {
err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->mnt_ns);
goto out_ns;
}
new_nsp->uts_ns = copy_utsname(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->uts_ns);
if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->uts_ns)) {
err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->uts_ns);
goto out_uts;
}
new_nsp->ipc_ns = copy_ipcs(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->ipc_ns);
if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->ipc_ns)) {
err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->ipc_ns);
goto out_ipc;
}
new_nsp->pid_ns = copy_pid_ns(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->pid_ns);
if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->pid_ns)) {
err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->pid_ns);
goto out_pid;
}
new_nsp->net_ns = copy_net_ns(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->net_ns);
if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->net_ns)) {
err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->net_ns);
goto out_net;
}
return new_nsp;
out_net:
if (new_nsp->pid_ns)
put_pid_ns(new_nsp->pid_ns);
out_pid:
if (new_nsp->ipc_ns)
put_ipc_ns(new_nsp->ipc_ns);
out_ipc:
if (new_nsp->uts_ns)
put_uts_ns(new_nsp->uts_ns);
out_uts:
if (new_nsp->mnt_ns)
put_mnt_ns(new_nsp->mnt_ns);
out_ns:
kmem_cache_free(nsproxy_cachep, new_nsp);
return ERR_PTR(err);
}
此函数新建一个nsproxy变量,然后调用namespace相关的函数一一创建新的namespace。
3、copy_namespaces函数
/*
* called from clone. This now handles copy for nsproxy and all
* namespaces therein.
*/
int copy_namespaces(unsigned long flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
{
struct nsproxy *old_ns = tsk->nsproxy;
struct user_namespace *user_ns = task_cred_xxx(tsk, user_ns);
struct nsproxy *new_ns;
int err = 0;
if (!old_ns)
return 0;
get_nsproxy(old_ns);
if (!(flags & (CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC |
CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNET)))
return 0;
if (!ns_capable(user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
err = -EPERM;
goto out;
}
/*
* CLONE_NEWIPC must detach from the undolist: after switching
* to a new ipc namespace, the semaphore arrays from the old
* namespace are unreachable. In clone parlance, CLONE_SYSVSEM
* means share undolist with parent, so we must forbid using
* it along with CLONE_NEWIPC.
*/
if ((flags & CLONE_NEWIPC) && (flags & CLONE_SYSVSEM)) {
err = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
new_ns = create_new_namespaces(flags, tsk, user_ns, tsk->fs);
if (IS_ERR(new_ns)) {
err = PTR_ERR(new_ns);
goto out;
}
tsk->nsproxy = new_ns;
out:
put_nsproxy(old_ns);
return err;
}
namespace复制函数。
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我是新手,不能对namespaces理解多深,暂时就这样,等研究明白再更新。