在通过Spring data缓存数据的时候,发现key是一堆很不友好的东西,\xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\tb,下面来分析一下。
分析spring-data的org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate源代码以后发现:
private RedisSerializer<?> defaultSerializer = new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer();
private RedisSerializer keySerializer = null;
private RedisSerializer valueSerializer = null;
private RedisSerializer hashKeySerializer = null;
private RedisSerializer hashValueSerializer = null;
private RedisSerializer<String> stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
发现:
private RedisSerializer<?> defaultSerializer = new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer();
因为spring操作redis是在jedis客户端基础上进行的,而jedis客户端与redis交互的时候协议中定义是用byte类型交互,jedis中提供了string类型转为byte[]类型,但是看到spring-data-redis中RedisTemplate<K, V>在操作的时候k,v是泛型的,所以RedisTemplate中有了上面那段代码,在没有特殊定义的情况下,spring默认采用defaultSerializer = new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer();来对key,value进行序列化操作,在经过查看JdkSerializationRedisSerializer中对序列化的一系列操作,发现如下代码:
private Converter<Object, byte[]> serializer = new SerializingConverter();
public byte[] serialize(Object object) {
if (object == null) {
return SerializationUtils.EMPTY_ARRAY;
}
try {
return serializer.convert(object);
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new SerializationException("Cannot serialize", ex);
}
}
序列化支持的是Object对象,调用了SerializingConverter类下的convert方法转换对象,转换对象的方法是:
private final Serializer<Object> serializer;
/**
* Serializes the source object and returns the byte array result.
*/
public byte[] convert(Object source) {
ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(128);
try {
this.serializer.serialize(source, byteStream);
return byteStream.toByteArray();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new SerializationFailedException("Failed to serialize object using " +
this.serializer.getClass().getSimpleName(), ex);
}
}
原因其实就出现在这里,解决的办法就是手动定义序列化的方法,spring-data-redis中还提供了一个序列化的类专门针对string类型的序列化org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer这个类,我们在带有@Configuration注解的类中覆盖自动配置的RedisTemplate<Object,Object>,如下:
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<Object,Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){
RedisTemplate<Object,Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
// 设置redis连接
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
// 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerialize 替换默认序列化
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
// 设置value的序列化规则和 key的序列化规则
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
// 将redisTemplate的序列化方式更改为StringRedisSerializer
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
return redisTemplate;
}
如果是Spring mvc项目则可以在xml中指定:
<bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"
p:connection-factory-ref="jedisConnectionFactory">
<property name="keySerializer">
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
</property>
<property name="valueSerializer">
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
</property>
<property name="hashKeySerializer">
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
</property>
<property name="hashValueSerializer">
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
</property>
</bean>
到此,解决问题。
原文参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/yunhaibin/article/details/9001198
其实redis在使用中,必须要提前考虑的就是内存的占用问题(博客中另外一篇文章很经典,阐述了一个外国人做的测试,同样的存储可以节约几十G的内存:
https://blog.csdn.net/yunhaibin/article/details/8999429
在设计的时候使用hash可以节约很多的内存,而存储的时候如果每条数据就放一堆\xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\tb这个东西,肯定是无法直视的。