设计模式浅析——中介者模式

中介者模式（Mediator）定义

用一个中介对象来封装（封装变化）一系列的对象交互。中介者使各个对象不需要显示的相互引用（编译时依赖变为运行时依赖），从而使其耦合松散（管理变化），而且可以独立的改变他们之间的交互。

中介者模式结构图

代码示例

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Colleague;

class Mediator
{
public:
	virtual void ProcessMsg(const std::string& msg, Colleague* colleague) = 0;
	virtual void ContactColleague1(Colleague* colleague) = 0;
	virtual void ContactColleague2(Colleague* colleague) = 0;
	virtual ~Mediator() {}  //虚析构函数
};

class Colleague
{
protected:
	Mediator* m_mediator = nullptr;

public:
	virtual void CreateMediator(Mediator* mediator) = 0;
	virtual void ShowMessage(const std::string& msg) = 0;
};

class Colleague1 : public Colleague
{
public:
	virtual void CreateMediator(Mediator* mediator)
	{
		m_mediator = mediator;
	}

	virtual void ShowMessage(const std::string& msg)
	{
		m_mediator->ProcessMsg(msg, this);
	}
};

class Colleague2 : public Colleague
{
public:
	virtual void CreateMediator(Mediator* mediator)
	{
		m_mediator = mediator;
	}

	virtual void ShowMessage(const std::string& msg)
	{
		m_mediator->ProcessMsg(msg, this);
	}
};

class ConcreteMediator : public Mediator
{
private:
	Colleague* c1 = nullptr;
	Colleague* c2 = nullptr;

public:
	ConcreteMediator()
	{

	}

	virtual void ContactColleague1(Colleague* colleague)
	{
		c1 = colleague;
	}

	virtual void ContactColleague2(Colleague* colleague)
	{
		c2 = colleague;
	}

	virtual void ProcessMsg(const std::string& msg, Colleague* colleague)
	{
		cout << msg.c_str() << endl;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Mediator* mediator = new(std::nothrow) ConcreteMediator();
	if (mediator)
	{
		Colleague* c1 = new(std::nothrow) Colleague1();
		if (!c1)
		{
			return -1;
		}

		Colleague* c2 = new(std::nothrow) Colleague2();
		if (!c2)
		{
			return -1;
		}

		mediator->ContactColleague1(c1);
		mediator->ContactColleague2(c2);

		c1->CreateMediator(mediator);
		c2->CreateMediator(mediator);

		c1->ShowMessage("c1");
		c2->ShowMessage("c2");

		delete c1;
		delete c2;
	}

	delete mediator;

	system("pause");
    return 0;
}

总结

1)  将多个对象间复杂的关联关系解耦，Mediator模式将多个对象间的控制逻辑进行集中管理，变“多个对象互相关联”为“多个对象和一个中介者关联”，简化了系统的维护，抵御了可能的变化。

2)  Facade模式时解耦系统间（单向）的对象关联关系;Mediator模式是解耦系统内各个对象之间（双向）的关联关系。

缺点

使得中介者的类异常复杂