Linux初始化设置

Linux安装好之后，有很多设置要修改，用起来才方便。

1、修改包更新的源

对于ubuntu：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

然后

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

然后把内容替换为

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

对于CentOS需要修改yum的源，可参见

https://www.cnblogs.com/yangp/p/8506264.html

2、设置sudo不需要密码

sudo vi /etc/sudoers

在文件的结尾加一行

abc ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

把abc替换成你自己的用户名

3、在bash提示符加上机器IP

这可以防止操作多台机器的时候搞错了机器。

vi ~/.bashrc

然后在文件的结尾加两行

IP=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | sed -nr 's/.*inet (addr:)?(([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*).*/\2/p')
export PS1="[\u@\[\e[31;1m\]$IP\[\e[m\] \W]\\$"

让.bashrc生效

source ~/.bashrc

参见：https://haibing.org/112

参见：https://www.cnblogs.com/fengxiuqiao/p/10759454.html