关于base64编码,是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节码的编码方式之一,base64就是一种基于64个可打印字符来表示二进制数据的方法,这里就不再赘述了。
在HTTP环境中,常常需要将字符串转换为base64编码,这部分程序可以封装到两个函数当中,源码如下:
一、base64.h和base64.cpp
- base64_encode:将BYTE *类型的字节流编码为string类型的base64字符串
- base64_decode:将string类型的base64字符串解码为vector<BYTE>类型的字节流
base64.h:
#ifndef _BASE64_H_
#define _BASE64_H_
#include <vector>
#include <string>
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
std::string base64_encode(BYTE const* bindata, unsigned int binlength);
std::vector<BYTE> base64_decode(std::string const&);
#endif
base64.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "base64.h"
static const std::string base64_chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
static inline bool is_base64(BYTE c) {
return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c == '/'));
}
std::string base64_encode(BYTE const* buf, unsigned int bufLen) {
std::string ret;
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
BYTE char_array_3[3];
BYTE char_array_4[4];
while (bufLen--) {
char_array_3[i++] = *(buf++);
if (i == 3) {
char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
for(i = 0; (i <4) ; i++)
ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[i]];
i = 0;
}
}
if (i)
{
for(j = i; j < 3; j++)
char_array_3[j] = '\0';
char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
for (j = 0; (j < i + 1); j++)
ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[j]];
while((i++ < 3))
ret += '=';
}
return ret;
}
std::vector<BYTE> base64_decode(std::string const& encoded_string) {
int in_len = encoded_string.size();
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int in_ = 0;
BYTE char_array_4[4], char_array_3[3];
std::vector<BYTE> ret;
while (in_len-- && ( encoded_string[in_] != '=') && is_base64(encoded_string[in_])) {
char_array_4[i++] = encoded_string[in_]; in_++;
if (i ==4) {
for (i = 0; i <4; i++)
char_array_4[i] = base64_chars.find(char_array_4[i]);
char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
for (i = 0; (i < 3); i++)
ret.push_back(char_array_3[i]);
i = 0;
}
}
if (i) {
for (j = i; j <4; j++)
char_array_4[j] = 0;
for (j = 0; j <4; j++)
char_array_4[j] = base64_chars.find(char_array_4[j]);
char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
for (j = 0; (j < i - 1); j++) ret.push_back(char_array_3[j]);
}
return ret;
}
二、编写测试程序
然后,我们希望在之前的服务器通信程序中使用base64编码,只需要修改client和server的test.cpp文件,添加相应的接口即可:
client test.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "http.h"
#include "base64.h"
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
CurlHttp curl_http;
string str_url = "http://192.168.1.125:8003"; // 地址、端口号
string str_test = "Hello World!";
string str_test_base64 = base64_encode((BYTE const*)str_test.c_str(), str_test.length());
while (1) {
cout << "Post data ...\n";
string result;
int res = curl_http.http_post(str_url.c_str(), str_test_base64.c_str(), &result);
cout << "[Response]: " << result << '\n';
sleep(1);
}
return 0;
}
server test.cpp:
// 只列出了env_handler函数,其余部分不变
int env_handler(struct mg_connection *conn)
{
static int counter = 0;
counter++;
const char * encoded_data = conn->content; // 服务端收到的消息
int encoded_len = conn->content_len; // 服务端收到的消息长度
string str_encoded(encoded_data, encoded_len);
printf("counter: %d, %s\n", counter, str_encoded.c_str());
vector<BYTE> str_decoded_byte = base64_decode(str_encoded);
int decoded_len = str_decoded_byte.size();
string str_decoded;
str_decoded.assign(str_decoded_byte.begin(), str_decoded_byte.end());
mg_printf(conn, "Received: %s, %d", str_decoded.c_str(), counter);
return 0;
}
编译,运行两个程序,应该能看到这样的输出:
客户端:
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 1
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 2
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 3
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 4
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 5
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 6
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 7
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 8
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 9
Post data ...
[Response]: Received: Hello World!, 10
客户端的输出和之前完全一致,字符串经过编码后又在服务器端解码传送回来,因此在服务端看到的输出如下:
counter: 1, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 2, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 3, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 4, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 5, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 6, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 7, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 8, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 9, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
counter: 10, SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh
可以看到编码后的"Hello World!"字符串了。
这次就写到这吧,接下来是图像传输与处理部分。