python卷积神经网络应用

吴恩达深度学习第一周编程题2

导入模块

import math
import numpy as np
import h5py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy
from PIL import Image
from scipy import ndimage
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from cnn_utils import *

%matplotlib inline
np.random.seed(1)

导入训练数据和测试数据

# Loading the data (signs)
X_train_orig, Y_train_orig, X_test_orig, Y_test_orig, classes = load_dataset()

显示第6张训练图片

# Example of a picture
index = 6
plt.imshow(X_train_orig[index])
print ("y = " + str(np.squeeze(Y_train_orig[:, index])))

查看训练图片的个数和信息

X_train = X_train_orig/255.
X_test = X_test_orig/255.
Y_train = convert_to_one_hot(Y_train_orig, 6).T
Y_test = convert_to_one_hot(Y_test_orig, 6).T
print ("number of training examples = " + str(X_train.shape[0]))
print ("number of test examples = " + str(X_test.shape[0]))
print ("X_train shape: " + str(X_train.shape))
print ("Y_train shape: " + str(Y_train.shape))
print ("X_test shape: " + str(X_test.shape))
print ("Y_test shape: " + str(Y_test.shape))
conv_layers = {}

tensorflow创建占位符

# GRADED FUNCTION: create_placeholders

def create_placeholders(n_H0, n_W0, n_C0, n_y):
    """
    Creates the placeholders for the tensorflow session.
    
    Arguments:
    n_H0 -- scalar, height of an input image
    n_W0 -- scalar, width of an input image
    n_C0 -- scalar, number of channels of the input
    n_y -- scalar, number of classes
        
    Returns:
    X -- placeholder for the data input, of shape [None, n_H0, n_W0, n_C0] and dtype "float"
    Y -- placeholder for the input labels, of shape [None, n_y] and dtype "float"
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈2 lines)
    X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None, n_H0, n_W0, n_C0, n_y])
    Y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None, n_y])
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    return X, Y

测试占位符

X, Y = create_placeholders(64, 64, 3, 6)
print ("X = " + str(X))
print ("Y = " + str(Y))

tensorflow初始化参数

# GRADED FUNCTION: initialize_parameters

def initialize_parameters():
    """
    Initializes weight parameters to build a neural network with tensorflow. The shapes are:
                        W1 : [4, 4, 3, 8]
                        W2 : [2, 2, 8, 16]
    Returns:
    parameters -- a dictionary of tensors containing W1, W2
    """
    
    tf.set_random_seed(1)                              # so that your "random" numbers match ours
        
    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 2 lines of code)
    W1 = tf.get_variable("W1", [4,4,3,8],initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 0))
    W2 = tf.get_variable("W2",[2,2,8,16],initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 0))
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "W2": W2}
    
    return parameters

测试初始化代码

tf.reset_default_graph()
with tf.Session() as sess_test:
    parameters = initialize_parameters()
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
    sess_test.run(init)
    print("W1 = " + str(parameters["W1"].eval()[1,1,1]))
    print("W2 = " + str(parameters["W2"].eval()[1,1,1]))

Tensorflow向前传播

def forward_propagation(X, parameters):  
        """ 
        Implements the forward propagation for the model: 
        CONV2D -> RELU -> MAXPOOL -> CONV2D -> RELU -> MAXPOOL -> FLATTEN -> FULLYCONNECTED 
         
        Arguments: 
        X -- input dataset placeholder, of shape (input size, number of examples) 
        parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters "W1", "W2" 
                      the shapes are given in initialize_parameters 
     
        Returns: 
        Z3 -- the output of the last LINEAR unit 
        """  
          
        # Retrieve the parameters from the dictionary "parameters"   
        W1 = parameters['W1']  
        W2 = parameters['W2']  
          
        ### START CODE HERE ###  
        # CONV2D: stride of 1, padding 'SAME'  
        Z1 = tf.nn.conv2d(X,W1,strides=[1,1,1,1],padding='SAME')  
        # RELU  
        A1 = tf.nn.relu(Z1)  
        # MAXPOOL: window 8x8, sride 8, padding 'SAME'  
        P1 = tf.nn.max_pool(A1,ksize=[1,8,8,1],strides=[1,8,8,1],padding='SAME')  
        # CONV2D: filters W2, stride 1, padding 'SAME'  
        Z2 = tf.nn.conv2d(P1,W2,strides=[1,1,1,1],padding='SAME')  
        # RELU  
        A2 = tf.nn.relu(Z2)  
        # MAXPOOL: window 4x4, stride 4, padding 'SAME'  
        P2 = tf.nn.max_pool(A2,ksize=[1,4,4,1],strides=[1,4,4,1],padding='SAME')  
        # FLATTEN  
        P2 = tf.contrib.layers.flatten(P2)  
        # FULLY-CONNECTED without non-linear activation function (not not call softmax).  
        # 6 neurons in output layer. Hint: one of the arguments should be "activation_fn=None"   
        Z3 = tf.contrib.layers.fully_connected(P2,6,activation_fn=None)  
        ### END CODE HERE ###  
      
        return Z3  

测试向前传播

    tf.reset_default_graph()  
      
    with tf.Session() as sess:  
        np.random.seed(1)  
        X, Y = create_placeholders(64, 64, 3, 6)  
        parameters = initialize_parameters()  
        Z3 = forward_propagation(X, parameters)  
        init = tf.global_variables_initializer()  
        sess.run(init)  
        a = sess.run(Z3, {X: np.random.randn(2,64,64,3), Y: np.random.randn(2,6)})  
        print("Z3 = " + str(a))  

tensflow建模

# GRADED FUNCTION: model

def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, learning_rate = 0.009,
          num_epochs = 100, minibatch_size = 64, print_cost = True):
    """
    Implements a three-layer ConvNet in Tensorflow:
    CONV2D -> RELU -> MAXPOOL -> CONV2D -> RELU -> MAXPOOL -> FLATTEN -> FULLYCONNECTED
    
    Arguments:
    X_train -- training set, of shape (None, 64, 64, 3)
    Y_train -- test set, of shape (None, n_y = 6)
    X_test -- training set, of shape (None, 64, 64, 3)
    Y_test -- test set, of shape (None, n_y = 6)
    learning_rate -- learning rate of the optimization
    num_epochs -- number of epochs of the optimization loop
    minibatch_size -- size of a minibatch
    print_cost -- True to print the cost every 100 epochs
    
    Returns:
    train_accuracy -- real number, accuracy on the train set (X_train)
    test_accuracy -- real number, testing accuracy on the test set (X_test)
    parameters -- parameters learnt by the model. They can then be used to predict.
    """
    
    ops.reset_default_graph()                         # to be able to rerun the model without overwriting tf variables
    tf.set_random_seed(1)                             # to keep results consistent (tensorflow seed)
    seed = 3                                          # to keep results consistent (numpy seed)
    (m, n_H0, n_W0, n_C0) = X_train.shape             
    n_y = Y_train.shape[1]                            
    costs = []                                        # To keep track of the cost
    
    # Create Placeholders of the correct shape
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    X, Y = create_placeholders(n_H0,n_W0,n_C0,n_y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Initialize parameters
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    parameters = initialize_parameters()
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Forward propagation: Build the forward propagation in the tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    Z3 = forward_propagation(X,parameters)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Cost function: Add cost function to tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    cost = compute_cost(Z3,Y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Backpropagation: Define the tensorflow optimizer. Use an AdamOptimizer that minimizes the cost.
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Initialize all the variables globally
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
     
    # Start the session to compute the tensorflow graph
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        
        # Run the initialization
        sess.run(init)
        
        # Do the training loop
        for epoch in range(num_epochs):

            minibatch_cost = 0.
            num_minibatches = int(m / minibatch_size) # number of minibatches of size minibatch_size in the train set
            seed = seed + 1
            minibatches = random_mini_batches(X_train, Y_train, minibatch_size, seed)

            for minibatch in minibatches:

                # Select a minibatch
                (minibatch_X, minibatch_Y) = minibatch
                # IMPORTANT: The line that runs the graph on a minibatch.
                # Run the session to execute the optimizer and the cost, the feedict should contain a minibatch for (X,Y).
                ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
                sess.run(optimizer,feed_dict={X:minibatch_X,Y:minibatch_Y})
                temp_cost = sess.run(cost,feed_dict={X:minibatch_X,Y:minibatch_Y})
                ### END CODE HERE ###
                
                minibatch_cost += temp_cost / num_minibatches
                

            # Print the cost every epoch
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 5 == 0:
                print ("Cost after epoch %i: %f" % (epoch, minibatch_cost))
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 1 == 0:
                costs.append(minibatch_cost)
        
        
        # plot the cost
        plt.plot(np.squeeze(costs))
        plt.ylabel('cost')
        plt.xlabel('iterations (per tens)')
        plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(learning_rate))
        plt.show()

        # Calculate the correct predictions
        
        predict_op = tf.argmax(Z3, 1)
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(predict_op, tf.argmax(Y, 1))
        
        # Calculate accuracy on the test set
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, "float"))
        print(accuracy)
        train_accuracy = accuracy.eval({X: X_train, Y: Y_train})
        test_accuracy = accuracy.eval({X: X_test, Y: Y_test})
        print("Train Accuracy:", train_accuracy)
        print("Test Accuracy:", test_accuracy)
                
        return train_accuracy, test_accuracy, parameters

训练和预测

, _, parameters = model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test)