详解Linux C语言 Select函数

select函数委托内核去监控是否有可读的fd。如果监控到服务器fd，那么调用accept，并将客户端fd加入到监控集合。如果监控到客户端fd，那么调用recv，并send消息。同时如果检测到客户端断开，要将客户端的fd从监控集合中移除。

select函数的优点是跨平台

缺点是每次调用select，都要把fd集合从用户态拷贝到内核区，同时每次都需要在内核中遍历fd集合。fd集合默认大小很小，Windows平台默认64，Linux默认1024

#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>



void out_addr(struct sockaddr_in *clientaddr)
{
	int port = ntohs(clientaddr->sin_port);
	char ip[16];
	memset(ip,0,sizeof(ip));
	inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clientaddr->sin_addr.s_addr, ip, sizeof(ip));
	printf("client: %s(%d) connected\n", ip, port);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	if(argc<2){
		printf("usage: %s #port\n", argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}

	// AF_INET: IPV4
	// SOCK_STREAM: tcp
	int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(lfd < 0){
		perror("socket error");
		exit(1);
	}
	struct sockaddr_in  serveraddr;

	memset(&serveraddr, 0, sizeof(serveraddr));
	serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serveraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));
	serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
	if(bind(lfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr,
				sizeof(serveraddr))<0)	{
		perror("bind error");
		exit(1);
	}

	if(listen(lfd,36) <0){
		perror("listen error");
		exit(1);
	}

	printf("Start accept ......\n");

	struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
	socklen_t cli_len = sizeof(client_addr);

	// max fd
	int maxfd = lfd;
	fd_set reads,temp;
	FD_ZERO(&reads);          // init
	FD_SET(lfd,&reads);

	while(1){
		// IO
		temp = reads;
		int ret = select(maxfd+1,&temp,NULL,NULL,NULL);
		if(ret == -1){
			perror("select error");
			exit(1);
		}
		// accept
	    if(FD_ISSET(lfd,&temp)){
			int cfd = accept(lfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &cli_len);
			if(cfd==-1){
				perror("accept error");
				exit(1);
			}
			out_addr(&client_addr);
			// add cfd to reads
			FD_SET(cfd, &reads);
			maxfd = maxfd < cfd?cfd:maxfd;
		}

		// recv
		for(int i=lfd+1;i<=maxfd;i++){
			if(FD_ISSET(i,&temp)){
				char buf[1024] = {0};
				int len = recv(i,buf,sizeof(buf),0);
				if(len == -1){
					perror("recv error");
					exit(1);
				}
				else if(len==0){
					printf("client leaves\n");
					close(i);
					FD_CLR(i,&reads);
				}
				else{
					printf("recv buf: %s\n",buf);
					send(i,buf,strlen(buf)+1,0);
				}
				
				
			}
		}

	}
	close(lfd);
	return 0;

}