hibernate的主键生成器介绍
Hibernate推荐数据表采用逻辑主键,而不采用有物理含义的实体主键。逻辑主键没有实际意义,仅仅用来标识一行记录,通常由Hibernate负责生成。负责生成主键的工具称为主键生成器,应尽量为每个持久化类都设置主键生成器。
在 xxx.hbm.xml 中 generator元素:表示了一个主键生成器,它用来为持久化类实例生成唯一的标识 。
下面是 generator元素中 Class=“xxxxxx” 值代表的id的增长类型
- 程序员自己控制:assigned
- 数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence
- hibernate控制:increment uuid/uuid.hex
- 其它:native
案例演示 :对下图数据中两种不同类型的id自增长
提供一个工具类
作用
- 简化代码书写
- 检测hibernate相关的配置是否正确
package com.hyf.two.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* 本工具类的作用
* 1.简化代码书写
* 2.检测hibernate相关的配置是否正确
* @author 17628
*/
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
}
public static Session openSession() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session == null) {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
return session;
}
public static void closeSession() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
}
}
实体类
Studnet.java
package com.hyf.two.entity;
public class Student {
private Integer sid;
private String sname;
public Integer getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(Integer sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + "]";
}
}
Worker.java
package com.hyf.two.entity;
public class Worker {
private String wid;
private String wname;
public String getWid() {
return wid;
}
public void setWid(String wid) {
this.wid = wid;
}
public String getWname() {
return wname;
}
public void setWname(String wname) {
this.wname = wname;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Worker [wid=" + wid + ", wname=" + wname + "]";
}
}
类对应的 xml
Student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hyf.two.entity.Student" table="t_hibernate_student">
<id name="sid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="sid">
<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String" column="sname">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Worker.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hyf.two.entity.Worker" table="t_hibernate_worker">
<id name="wid" type="java.lang.String" column="wid">
<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property name="wname" type="java.lang.String" column="wname">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
在核心配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml,中添加实体映射文件
<mapping resource="com/hyf/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/hyf/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml"/>
代码演示:
代码测试使用 JUnit
DemoDao.java
package com.hyf.two.dao;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.hyf.two.entity.Student;
import com.hyf.two.entity.Worker;
import com.hyf.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 添加学生
*
* @param stu
* @return
*/
public Serializable addStu(Student stu) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Serializable save = session.save(stu);
transaction.commit();
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
return save;
}
/**
* 添加功能
*
* @param work
* @return
*/
public Serializable addWork(Worker work) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Serializable save = session.save(work);
transaction.commit();
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
return save;
}
}
程序员自己控制:assigned
<generator class="assigned" />
private DemoDao dd = new DemoDao();
public void testAddStu() {
Student s = new Student();
s.setSname("亚索");
s.setSid(83);
dd.addStu(s);
}
成功添加尽量数据库,
假设该数据库设置了id自增长,而xml文件中又是 assignd ,最终添存入到数据库中的ID还是程序员自己设置的ID
数据库控制: identity
数字,无需赋值
要把数据库表ID 设置我自动递增
<generator class="identity" />
public void testAddStu() {
Student s = new Student();
s.setSname("西部牛仔亚索");
dd.addStu(s);
}
hibernate控制:increment
主键随机生成 32 位的串
<generator class="uuid" />
public void testAddWork() {
Worker wk = new Worker();
wk.setWname("快乐风男2");
dd.addWork(wk);
}
自定义主键生成器
<generator class="com.hyf.one.id.Myts" />
创建一个类 实现 org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator接口即可
package com.hyf.one.id;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SharedSessionContractImplementor;
import org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator;
public class Myts implements IdentifierGenerator {
@Override
public Serializable generate(SharedSessionContractImplementor session, Object object) throws HibernateException {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
return "com.hyf.one_"+sdf.format(new Date());
}
}
public void testAddWork() {
Worker wk = new Worker();
wk.setWname("快乐风男4");
dd.addWork(wk);
}