jvm异常处理

1 jvm如何捕获异常：jvm内部实现，暂时未知

 

2 jvm如何处理异常：代码能够捕获到的异常，即用try...catch捕获到的异常，看下面的第3点；代码未能捕获到的异常jvm会调用Thread的dispatchUncaughtException方法

 

3 try..catch...finally处理异常，下面是java代码和javap -c获取的汇编指令

package indi.wangx.java.exception;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class ExceptionTest {
	public void testException() throws IOException{
		int a = 0;
		try {
			InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(""));
			in.close();
		} catch(NullPointerException e) {
			a = 1;
		} finally {
			a = 2;
		}
		
		InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(""));

	}
}

（1）jvm捕捉到异常后会去查方法的Exception table，如果在捕捉的范围内就执行相应的指令。

（2）Exception table的结构包含4块内容：from、to、target、type

from：异常捕捉范围的第一条指令

to：捕获到异常后正常跳转的代码指令地址。

target:捕获到异常后的处理指令

type:要捕获的异常的类型

（3）finally

• 其中有个异常类型是any，我认为是finally的作用，应该是jvm根据finally生成的异常信息。有的时候会生成多个any，原因是在catch块中也可能发生异常。
• finally中的代码指令会直接放在catch指令块（如果有的话）后面，并且有几个catch块就会生成多少finally块的代码指令。

 

4 dispathUncaughtException异常处理，下面是Thread、ThreadGroup的源码

/**
     * Dispatch an uncaught exception to the handler. This method is
     * intended to be called only by the JVM.
     */
    private void dispatchUncaughtException(Throwable e) {
        getUncaughtExceptionHandler().uncaughtException(this, e);
    }


/**
     * Returns the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates
     * due to an uncaught exception. If this thread has not had an
     * uncaught exception handler explicitly set then this thread's
     * <tt>ThreadGroup</tt> object is returned, unless this thread
     * has terminated, in which case <tt>null</tt> is returned.
     * @since 1.5
     * @return the uncaught exception handler for this thread
     */
    public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return uncaughtExceptionHandler != null ?
            uncaughtExceptionHandler : group;
    }

@FunctionalInterface
    public interface UncaughtExceptionHandler {
        /**
         * Method invoked when the given thread terminates due to the
         * given uncaught exception.
         * <p>Any exception thrown by this method will be ignored by the
         * Java Virtual Machine.
         * @param t the thread
         * @param e the exception
         */
        void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e);
    }

// ThreadGroup的uncaughtException方法
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
        if (parent != null) {
            parent.uncaughtException(t, e);
        } else {
            Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh =
                Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
            if (ueh != null) {
                ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);
            } else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {
                System.err.print("Exception in thread \""
                                 + t.getName() + "\" ");
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
            }
        }
    }

通过查看相关源码及注释得知：dispatchUncaughtException方法只能由JVM调用，但是具体的实现是由UnncaughtExceptionHandler或者ThreadGroup的uncaughtException处理，在使用中先自定义一个UnncaughtExceptionHandler，然后设置线程的UnncaughtExceptionHandler就行了。