实验拓扑:
R1是中心,R2、R3是分支,R4模拟帧中继交换机,要求全网互通。
一、 全互连,建立PVC
帧中继交换机配置:
R4(config)#hostname FR
FR(config)#frame-relay switching
FR(config)#int s0/0
FR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ?
MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundleinterface
ietf Use RFC1490/RFC2427encapsulation
<cr>
FR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FR(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FR(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FR(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 ints0/1 201
FR(config-if)#frame-relay route 103 ints0/2 301
FR(config-if)# no shutdown
FR(config-if)#int s0/1
FR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FR(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FR(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FR(config-if)#no shutdown
*Mar 1 00:07:00.519: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:07:04.091: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on InterfaceSerial0/1, changed state to up
FR(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 ints0/0 102
FR(config-if)#int s0/2
FR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FR(config-if)#no shutdown
*Mar 1 00:07:31.967: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on InterfaceSerial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:07:32.127: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up
FR(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
*Mar 1 00:07:42.031: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on InterfaceSerial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:07:43.131: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on InterfaceSerial0/2, changed state to up
FR(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FR(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 ints0/0 103
FR(config-if)#do show fram rou
Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status
Serial0/0 102 Serial0/1 201 active
Serial0/0 103 Serial0/2 301 active
Serial0/1 201 Serial0/0 102 active
Serial0/2 301 Serial0/0 103 active
R1能PING 通R2、R3,R2、R3间不能互通!
现在路由器上各起loopback口,宣进EIGRP中,同样R1路由表全,R2、R3路由表不全。查看show ip int s0/0,“Split horizon is disabled”主接口启用帧中继后水平分割自动关闭,因R2、R3间没有建立PVC,路由跟新传递出问题。
此时在R2、R3上各建立相互间的PVC,从而达到全网互通!
FR(config-if)#ints0/1
FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute 203 int s0/2 302
FR(config-if)#ints0/2
FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute 302 int s0/1 203
FR#showframe-relay route
InputIntf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status
Serial0/0 102 Serial0/1 201 active
Serial0/0 103 Serial0/2 301 active
Serial0/1 201 Serial0/0 102 active
Serial0/1 203 Serial0/2 302 active
Serial0/2 301 Serial0/0 103 active
Serial0/2 302 Serial0/1 203 active
FR#
R1、R2、R3基本配置:
R1(config)#ints0/0
R1(config-if)#ipadd 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#noshutdown
*Mar 1 00:01:55.495: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: InterfaceSerial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:01:56.495: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Lineprotocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R1(config)#intlo0
R1(config-if)#ipadd 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#intlo1
R1(config-if)#ipadd 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#exi
R1(config)#routereigrp 100
R1(config-router)#noauto-summary
R1(config-router)#network0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 //发布所有网段,慎用!
R2(config)#ints0/1
R2(config-if)#ipadd 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#noshutdown
*Mar 1 00:01:55.495: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: InterfaceSerial0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:01:56.495: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Lineprotocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R2(config)#intlo0
R2(config-if)#ipadd 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#intlo1
R2(config-if)#ipadd 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#exi
R2(config)#routereigrp 100
R2(config-router)#network0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
R3(config)#ints0/2
R3(config-if)#ipadd 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#noshutdown
*Mar 1 00:01:55.495: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: InterfaceSerial0/2, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:01:56.495: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Lineprotocol on Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R3(config)#intlo0
R3(config-if)#ipadd 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#intlo1
R3(config-if)#ipadd 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#exi
R3(config)#routereigrp 100
R3(config-router)#network0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
全网互通!()
二、 Hub使用多点子接口
R1(config)#defaultint s0/0
R1(config)#ints0/0
R1(config-if)#noshutdown
R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R1(config-if)#no frame-relayinverse-arp//关闭自动映射
R1(config-if)#exi
R1(config)#ints0/0.1 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ipadd 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 10.1.1.2 102 broadcast //和对端做静态映射
R1(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 10.1.1.3 103 broadcast
还原非全互连状态,showip int s0/0.1 “Split horizon is enabled”,正是由于水平分割的原因导致R1从R2学到的路由不会再从S0/0发出去,导致R3无法学习R2的路由,反之亦然。要关闭水平分割。
R1(config)#int s0/0.1 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#no ip split-horizon eigrp 100
现在路由表都是全的,但R2、R3间没有建立PVC依旧PING不通。
三、 点到点子接口
把R1的多点子接口配置去掉,重新配置两个子接口,一个指向R2一个指向R3,对端也要起子接口,这是和多点子接口不同的。点到点子接口要求每个子接口属于不同的网段。
配置:
R1(config)#ints0/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R1(config-if)#noshutdown
R1(config-if)#no frame-relayinverse-arp//关闭自动映射
R1(config-if)#exi
R1(config)#ints0/0.1 point-to-point
R1(config-subif)#ipadd 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci 102
R1(config-fr-dlci)#ints0/0.2 po
R1(config-subif)#ipadd 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci 103
R2(config)#ints0/1
R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R2(config-if)#noshutdown
R1(config-if)#no frame-relayinverse-arp//关闭自动映射
R2(config-if)#ints0/1.1 po
R2(config-subif)#ipadd 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci 201
R3(config)#ints0/2
R3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay
R3(config-if)#noshutdown
R1(config-if)#no frame-relayinverse-arp//关闭自动映射
R3(config-if)#ints0/2.1 po
R3(config-subif)#ipadd 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci 301
做好后路由自动全部学习到了,没有任何问题!
总结:
在NBMA网络中,不同的配置FR传递路由跟新有不一样的特新,全互连网络固然是好,但在现实中,这样很不经济;多点子接口比较经济,既 节省租用PVC线路的费用又节约IP地址,但在出现默认情况下传递路由跟新时会出现问题(水平分割自动启用,要手工关闭);点到点子接口既不需要全互连,也不需要额外关闭水平分割,缺点是浪费IP地址,一个子网两个IP地址。