SSM基础框架搭建(SpringMVC+Spring+Mybatis)

刚入java不久的程序猿,本打算去年写的东西，由于太懒，一直没写，今天将其补上

SSM框架简述

  到现在用了SSM框架也有一段时间了，对于基础的使用已经基本习惯，这段时间也多多少少搭了很多遍基础框架，当然每一次的搭建都会比原先搭建的东西更多些，也会更加完善，我相信大家也会从搭建的过程中成长去学到很多东西，SSM框架网上也有很多教程，不过我相信每个编写以及阅读的人总会从相似的文章中学到不同的东西，本文参考自SSM详细整合教程

SSM框架基础概念

Spring

这里不得不说Spring非常强大，Spring拥有这IOC(控制反转，依赖注入)和AOP(面向切面编程)这两个强大的功能，这两个功能使框架足够的解耦，通过工厂模式和bean的配置完成对象的注入并且由bean生成的对象是单例的

SpringMVC

SpringMVC分离了控制器，验证器，Servlet分发器，模型对象等

Mybatis

Mybatis解除了程序与代码的耦合度，在一定程度上简化了sql的管理，只需要在XML中进行相应SQL的编写即可，Mybatis提供了相应的映射，配置起来更加容易

SSM基础框架搭建

这里就直接介绍SSM框架如何搭建了，至于环境配置和MAVEN项目的创建可以参考我的博客，也可以参考环境搭建，MAVEN项目搭建，下面开始搭建的教程，可能是对于上文链接博客的整合的完善与一些细微错误的纠正吧。

引入相关的JRA包

<properties>  
        <!-- spring版本号 -->  
        <spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>  
        <!-- mybatis版本号 -->  
        <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>  
        <!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->  
        <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>  
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>  
  </properties>  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>  
            <groupId>junit</groupId>  
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
            <version>4.11</version>  
            <!-- 表示开发的时候引入，发布的时候不会加载此包 -->  
            <scope>test</scope>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- spring核心包 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>
            <groupId>howso.framework-base</groupId>
            <artifactId>howso.framework-base</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- mybatis核心包 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>  
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>  
            <version>${mybatis.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- mybatis/spring包 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>  
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>  
            <version>1.2.2</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- 导入java ee jar 包 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>javax</groupId>  
            <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>  
            <version>7.0</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- 导入Mysql数据库链接jar包 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>  
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  
            <version>5.1.30</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- 导入dbcp的jar包，用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>  
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>  
            <version>1.2.2</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- JSTL标签类 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>  
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  
            <version>1.2</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- 日志文件管理包 -->  
        <!-- log start -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>  
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>  
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  


        <!-- 格式化对象，方便输出日志 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>  
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>  
            <version>1.1.41</version>  
        </dependency>  


        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- log end -->  
        <!-- 映入JSON -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>  
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>  
            <version>1.9.13</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- 上传组件包 -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>  
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>  
            <version>1.3.1</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>  
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>  
            <version>2.4</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>  
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>  
            <version>1.9</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- shiro核心包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加shiro web支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加shiro spring支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>       
  </dependencies>

这里定义了一系列的propertity，为了后面可以复用，这里还添加了shiro的jar包，主要用于shiro的使用，不加也是可以的，好了下面先附上项目结构图，对于后面理解配置文件会相对容易

大家可以根据上面的结构先把com.itany下面的包以及mapper那个文件夹建出来(base包可以忽略，里面是我自己封装的一些东西)，后面需要用到

配置jdbc.properties

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/project
username=root
password=
#初始连接数
initialSize=0
#最大连接数
maxActive=20
#最大空闲数
maxIdle=20
#最小空闲数
minIdle=1
#最长等待时间
maxWait=60000

配置log4j.properties

#定义输出级别和输出平台
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout , R

#设定stdout输出平台
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=[QC] %p [%t] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

#每天一个日志文件
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.R.File=E:\\Tomcat7.0\\logs\\testmvc.log
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d-[TS] %p %t %c - %m%n

#对不同的package定义不同的输出级别
log4j.logger.com.alibaba=DEBUG
log4j.logger.com.opensymphony.oscache=ERROR
log4j.logger.org.springframework=DEBUG
log4j.logger.com.ibatis.db=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.velocity=FATAL

log4j.logger.org.hibernate.ps.PreparedStatementCache=WARN
log4j.logger.org.hibernate=DEBUG
log4j.logger.org.logicalcobwebs=WARN

两个配置文件配置好后，下面就开始整合了，首先我们开始整合spring和mybatis

Spring与Mybatis整合

首先配置spring-mybatis.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  ">  
    <!-- 自动扫描 -->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itany" />  
    <!-- 引入properties配置文件 -->    
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">  
        <property name="locations">  
            <list>  
               <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
               <value>classpath:log4j.properties</value>
               <!--要是有多个配置文件，只需在这里继续添加即可 -->  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  
        destroy-method="close">  
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" />  
        <property name="url" value="${url}" />  
        <property name="username" value="${username}" />  
        <property name="password" value="${password}" />  
        <!-- 初始化连接大小 -->  
        <property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}"></property>  
        <!-- 连接池最大数量 -->  
        <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}"></property>  
        <!-- 连接池最大空闲 -->  
        <property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}"></property>  
        <!-- 连接池最小空闲 -->  
        <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}"></property>  
        <!-- 获取连接最大等待时间 -->  
        <property name="maxWait" value="${maxWait}"></property>  
    </bean>   

    <!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合，不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 -->  
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />  
        <!-- 自动扫描mapping.xml文件 -->  
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:com/itany/**/*Mapper.xml"></property>  
    </bean>  

    <!-- DAO接口所在包名，Spring会自动查找其下的类 -->  
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">  
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.itany.dao" />  
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>  
    </bean>  

    <!-- (事务管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">  
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />  
    </bean>  

    <!-- 配置事务通知属性 -->  
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  
        <!-- 定义事务传播属性 -->  
        <tx:attributes>  
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="edit*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="new*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="change*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="check*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
            <tx:method name="select*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>  
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
            <tx:method name="load*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
        </tx:attributes>  
    </tx:advice>  

    <!-- 配置事务切面 -->  
    <aop:config>  
        <aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation"  
            expression="execution(* com.itany.service.*.*(..))" />  
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" />  
    </aop:config>         
</beans>  

在这里主要配置了写数据源，自动扫描以及事物的控制，具体信息代码中已做了注释,到这里基本已经完成了整合，接下来继续整合SpringMVC

SpringMVC与Spring整合

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">  
    <!-- 自动扫描该包，使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itany.controller" />  
    <!--避免IE执行AJAX时，返回JSON出现下载文件 -->  
    <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"  
        class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">  
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">  
            <list>  
                <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
    <!-- 启动SpringMVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->  
    <bean  
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">  
        <property name="messageConverters">  
            <list>  
                <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /> <!-- JSON转换器 -->  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
    <!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ，视图模式配置-->  
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  
        <!-- 这里的配置我的理解是自动给后面action的方法return的字符串加上前缀和后缀，变成一个 可用的url地址 -->  
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />  
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  
    </bean>  

    <!-- 配置文件上传，如果没有使用文件上传可以不用配置，当然如果不配，那么配置文件中也不必引入上传组件包 -->  
    <bean id="multipartResolver"    
        class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">    
        <!-- 默认编码 -->  
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />    
        <!-- 文件大小最大值 -->  
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000" />    
        <!-- 内存中的最大值 -->  
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960" />    
    </bean>   

</beans>  

这里主要配置了控制器的扫描，视图跳转的前缀和后缀以及注解功能，到这里配置基本完成，但是我一般在加载时喜欢用一个总的来管理，所以多了一个applicationContext.xml文件，下面附上配置

XML配置加载

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath*:spring-mvc.xml" />
    <import resource="classpath*:spring-mybatis.xml" />
</beans>

这里主要是引入之前写的配置，剩下的就是web.xml配置了，同样附上

web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    version="3.0">  
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>  
    <!-- Spring和mybatis的配置文件 -->  
    <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  
    </context-param>  
    <!-- 编码过滤器 -->  
    <filter>  
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>     
    <!-- Spring监听器 -->  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
    <!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
    <!-- 利用spring来使用log4j -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- Spring MVC servlet -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>  
    </servlet>  
    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>  
        <!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do，对应struts的后缀习惯 -->  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  

    <!-- 以.js结尾的请求不经过Spring MVC begin -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/SmartAdmin/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!-- 以.js结尾的请求不经过Spring MVC End -->
    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>  

</web-app>  

到这里所有的配置文件已经结束，剩下的就是测试了

建表

create table user(
    int id primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20)
);

这里我们建立一张简单的用户表，接着可以使用mybatis-generator生成实体类，mapper，dao，不会的可以参考mybatis-generator,接下来我们只需要写service，serviceImpl,Controller就行了

//service代码
public interface UserService{
    User selectById(int id);
}

//serviceImpl代码
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    public User selectById(int id){
        User u = userDao.selectById(id);
        return u; 
    }
}

//Controller代码
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/userController")
public class UserController {

    private static Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/showUser.html")
    public String showUser(HttpServletRequest request){
        User user = userService.selectById(1);
        request.setAttribute("user",user);
        return "index";
    }

}

这样就可以了，Dao层需要一个selectById方法，mapper里同样要写一个方法，这里就不写了，接下来只需要在WEB-INF下新建一个index.jsp页面就可以获取查询出的值了,到这里框架整合基本结束