简单的RAII实现



13.3.1 Finally

The discipline required to represent a resource as an object of a class with a destructor have both

ered some. Again and again, people have inv ented ‘‘finally’’ language constructs for writing arbi

trary code to clean up after an exception. Such techniques are generally inferior to RAII because

they are ad hoc, but if you really want ad hoc, RAII can supply that also. First, we define a class

that will execute an arbitrary action from its destructor.

template<typename F>

struct Final_action {

Final_action(F f): clean{f} {}

˜Final_action() { clean(); }

F clean;

};

The ‘‘finally action’’ is provided as an argument to the constructor.

Next, we define a function that conveniently deduces the type of an action:

template<class F>

Final_action<F> finally(F f)

{

return Final_action<F>(f);

}

Finally, we can test finally():

void test()

// handle undiciplined resource acquisition

// demonstrate that arbitrar y actions are possible

{

int∗ p = new int{7};	// probably should use a unique_ptr (§5.2)
int∗ buf = (int∗)malloc(100∗sizeof(int));	// C-style allocation

auto act1 = finally([&]{ delete p;
free(buf); // C-style deallocation
cout<< "Goodby, Cruel world!\n";
}
);
int var = 0;
cout << "var = " << var << '\n';
// nested block:
{
var = 1;
auto act2 = finally([&]{ cout<< "finally!\n"; var=7; });
cout << "var = " << var << '\n';
} // act2 is invoked here
cout << "var = " << var << '\n';
} // act1 is invoked here