Linux基础学习-LNMP环境搭建

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 17:55:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 17:55:52 发布

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LNMP环境搭建

LNMP动态网站部署架构是一套由Linux+Nginx+Mysql+PHP组件的动态网站系统解决方案,具有免费、高效、扩展性强且资源消耗低等特性.

LNMP动态网站架构

yum install -y apr* autoconf automake bison bzip2 bzip2* compat* cpp curl curl-devel fontconfig fontconfig-devel freetype freetype* freetype-devel gcc gcc-c++ gd gettext gettext-devel glibc kernel kernel-headers keyutils keyutils-libs-devel krb5-devel libcom_err-devel libpng libpng-devel libjpeg* libsepol-devel libselinux-devel libstdc++-devel libtool* libgomp libxml2 libxml2-devel libXpm* libtiff libtiff* make mpfr ncurses* ntp openssl openssl-devel patch pcre-devel perl php-common php-gd policycoreutils telnet t1lib t1lib* nasm nasm* wget zlib-devel

 cd /usr/local/src

 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/Discuz_X3.2_SC_GBK.zip
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/libvpx-v1.3.0.tar.bz2
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/php-5.5.14.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/t1lib-5.1.2.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
 wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

[root@mail src]# ls
cmake-2.8.11.2          libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz      nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz     tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz
cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz   libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz  openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz  yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
Discuz_X3.2_SC_GBK.zip  libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz    pcre-8.35.tar.gz       zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz   libvpx-v1.3.0.tar.bz2   php-5.5.14.tar.gz
jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz      mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz     t1lib-5.1.2.tar.gz

[root@mail cmake-2.8.11.2]# tar -xzvf cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz 
[root@mail cmake-2.8.11.2]# cd cmake-2.8.11.2/
[root@mail cmake-2.8.11.2]# ./configure 
[root@mail cmake-2.8.11.2]# make && make install
[root@mail cmake-2.8.11.2]# echo $?
0

配置MySQL服务

参数	解释
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX	参数用于定义数据库服务程序的保存目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR	参数用于定义真实数据库文件的目录
-DSYSCONFDIR	参数定义MySQL数据库配置文件的保存目录
–user	参数指定MySQL服务的对应账号名称
–basedir	参数指定MySQL服务程序的保存目录
–datadir	参数指定MySQL真实数据库的文件保存目录

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd mysql-5.6.19/
[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# 
[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M 
[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/var
[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/var -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# make && make install
[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# echo $?
0

[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

[root@mail mysql-5.6.19]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mail mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var

[root@mail mysql]# ln -s my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@mail mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

[root@mail mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 46 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
 47 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var

[root@mail mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL............ SUCCESS! 
[root@mail mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on

[root@mail mysql]# vim /etc/profile
 74 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mail mysql]# source /etc/profile

[root@mail mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@mail mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
[root@mail mysql]# ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@mail mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql
/usr/include/mysql

MySQL数据库初始化

[root@mail mysql]# mysql_secure_installation 



NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): //直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y(要为root管理员设置数据库的密码)
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y(删除匿名用户)
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y(禁止root管理员从远程登录)
 ... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y(删除test数据库并取消对其的访问权限)
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y(刷新授权表,让初始化后的设定立即生效)
 ... Success!




All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!


Cleaning up...

配置Nginx服务

//用于提供Perl语言兼容的正则表达式库的软件包pcre

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd pcre-8.35/
[root@mail pcre-8.35]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[root@mail pcre-8.35]# make && make install

//openssl软件包用于提供网站加密证书服务的程序文件

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz 
[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# cd openssl-1.0.1h/
[root@mail openssl-1.0.1h]# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
[root@mail openssl-1.0.1h]# make && make install

[root@mail openssl-1.0.1h]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/openssl/bin
[root@mail openssl-1.0.1h]# source /etc/profile

//zlib软件包用于提供压缩功能的函数库文件

[root@mail src]# tar xzvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd zlib-1.2.8/
[root@mail zlib-1.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib
[root@mail zlib-1.2.8]# make && make install

[root@mail src]# useradd www -s /sbin/nologin -M


[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd nginx-1.6.0/
[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.1h --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.8 --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# make && make install

[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

nginx启动脚本文件

#!/bin/bash
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
        if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
                useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
        fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
        if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
                value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
                if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
                        # echo "creating" $value
                        mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
                fi
        fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
#configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
#configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
status)
        rh_status
        ;;
condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        ;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac

启动Nginx服务



[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 

[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart
Restarting nginx (via systemctl):                          [  确定  ]
[root@mail nginx-1.6.0]# chkconfig nginx on

配置PHP服务

//yasm源码包是一款常见的开源汇编器

[root@mail src]# tar -zxvf yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd yasm-1.2.0/
[root@mail yasm-1.2.0]# ./configure
[root@mail yasm-1.2.0]# make && make install

//libmcrypt源码包用于加密算法的扩展库程序

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
[root@mail libmcrypt-2.5.8]# ./configure 
[root@mail libmcrypt-2.5.8]# make && make install

//libvpx源码包用于提供视频编码器的服务程序
[root@mail src]# tar -xjvf libvpx-v1.3.0.tar.bz2
[root@mail src]# cd libvpx-v1.3.0/
[root@mail libvpx-v1.3.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libvpx --enable-shared --enable-vp9
[root@mail libvpx-v1.3.0]# make && make install

//tiff源码包是用于提供标签图像文件格式的服务程序

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd tiff-4.0.3/
[root@mail tiff-4.0.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tiff --enable-shared
[root@mail tiff-4.0.3]# make && make install

//libpng源码包用于提供png图片格式支持函数库的服务程序

[root@mail src]# tar zxvf libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd libpng-1.6.12/
[root@mail libpng-1.6.12]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng --enable-shared
[root@mail libpng-1.6.12]# make && make install

//freetype源码包用于提供字体支持引擎的服务程序

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd freetype-2.5.3/
[root@mail freetype-2.5.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype -enable-shared
[root@mail freetype-2.5.3]# make && make install

//jpeg源码包用于提供jpeg图片格式支持函数库的服务程序

[root@mail src]# tar -zxvf jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd jpeg-9a/
[root@mail jpeg-9a]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg --enable-shared
[root@mail jpeg-9a]# make && make install

//libgd源码包用于提供图形处理的服务程序

[root@mail src]# tar -xzvf libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd libgd-2.1.0/
[root@mail libgd-2.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libgd --enable-shared --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg --with-png=/usr/local/libpng --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype --with-fontconfig=/usr/local/freetype --with-xpm=/usr/ --with-tiff=/usr/local/tiff --with-vpx=/usr/local/libvpx
[root@mail libgd-2.1.0]# make && make install

//t1lib源码包用于提供图片生成函数库的服务程序
//编译t1lib-5.1.2的时候make出错需要安装latex

//网上解决方法未验证
yum -y install texlive-latex
yum -y install texlive-metapost
yum -y install texlive-collection-fontsrecommended 

[root@mail src]# tar zxvf t1lib-5.1.2.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd t1lib-5.1.2/
[root@mail t1lib-5.1.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/t1lib --enable-shared

Configure finished!
        Do:  'make'               to compile the t1lib-package.
        Do:  'make without_doc'   to compile if you do not have LaTeX.
        Do:  'make install'       to install the t1lib-package.

[root@mail t1lib-5.1.2]# make without_doc && make install

[root@mail t1lib-5.1.2]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libltdl.so /usr/lib/libltdl.so
[root@mail t1lib-5.1.2]# cp -frp /usr/lib64/libXpm.so* /usr/lib/

[root@mail src]# tar -zxvf php-5.5.14.tar.gz 
[root@mail src]# cd php-5.5.14/
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/libgd/lib
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-gd --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-xpm-dir=/usr/ --with-vpx-dir=/usr/local/libvpx/ --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib --with-t1lib=/usr/local/t1lib --with-iconv --enable-libxml --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-opcache --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl --enable-ctype

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# make && make install

在php源码包程序安装完成后，需要删除当前默认的配置文件，然后将php服务程序目录中相应的配置文件复制过来

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# rm -rf /etc/php.ini
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# ln -s /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# ln -s /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/php-fpm.conf

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
 25 pid = run/php-fpm.pid

148 user = nobody
149 group = nobody

//修改
148 user = www
149 group = www

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# chkconfig php-fpm on

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restor e,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,g etservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd,posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid,po six_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid,posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_ getpwuid,posix_getrlimit,posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty,posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid,posix_ setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  2 user  www www;

 43         location / {
 44             root   html;
 45             index  index.html index.htm index.php;
 46         }


 65         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
 66         #   
 67         location ~ .*\.php(\/.*)*$ {
 68             root           html;
 69             fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  
 70             fastcgi_index  index.php;
 71             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 72             include        fastcgi_params;
 73         }

[root@mail php-5.5.14]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@mail php-5.5.14]# systemctl restart php-fpm

至此LNMP动态网站环境架构的配置全部完成.

搭建Discuz!论坛

[root@mail src]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_GBK.zip 
[root@mail src]# rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/{index.html,50x.html}*
[root@mail src]# mv upload/* /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@mail src]# chown -Rf www:www /usr/local/nginx/html
[root@mail src]# chmod -Rf 755 /usr/local/nginx/html

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Linux基础学习-LNMP环境搭建

LNMP环境搭建 LNMP动态网站部署架构是一套由Linux+Nginx+Mysql+PHP组件的动态网站系统解决方案,具有免费、高效、扩展性强且资源消耗低等特性.LNMP动态网站架构yum install -y apr* autoconf automake bison bzip2 bzip2* compat* cpp curl curl-devel fontconfig...
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