OO基础:抽象、封装、多态、继承
OO原则:封装变化、多用组合,少用继承、针对接口编程,不针对实现编程
策略模式:定义算法族,分别封装起来,让它们之间可以互相替换,此模式让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户
1、代码结构:
2、飞行package
package duck.fly;
/**
* 鸭子飞行接口
*/
public interface FlyBehavior {
public void fly();
}
package duck.fly;
/**
* 不能飞行的类
*/
public class FlyNoWay implements FlyBehavior{
@Override
public void fly() {
System.out.println("I can't fly");
}
}
package duck.fly;
/**
* 可以飞行的类
*/
public class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior{
@Override
public void fly() {
System.out.println("I'm flying!");
}
}
package duck.fly;
/**
* 使用火箭助推器进行飞行
*/
public class FlyRocketPowered implements FlyBehavior{
@Override
public void fly() {
System.out.println("I'm flying with a rocket");
}
}
3、叫声package
package duck.quack;
/**
* 叫的行为接口
*/
public interface QuackBehavior {
public void quack();
}
package duck.quack;
/**
* 嘎嘎叫
*/
public class Quack implements QuackBehavior{
@Override
public void quack() {
System.out.println("Quack");
}
}
package duck.quack;
/**
* 什么都不做,不会叫
*/
public class MuteQuack implements QuackBehavior{
@Override
public void quack() {
System.out.println("<< Silence >>");
}
}
package duck.quack;
/**
* 呱呱叫
*/
public class Squeak implements QuackBehavior{
@Override
public void quack() {
System.out.println("Squeak");
}
}
4、鸭子package
package duck.duck;
import duck.fly.FlyBehavior;
import duck.quack.QuackBehavior;
/**
* 鸭子的抽象类
* 使用组合的方式有时候比使用继承的方式更加好
*/
public abstract class Duck {
FlyBehavior flyBehavior;//飞行行为
QuackBehavior quackBehavior;//叫的行为
/**
* 鸭子的外貌
*/
public abstract void display();
public void performFly(){
flyBehavior.fly();
}
public void performQuack(){
quackBehavior.quack();
}
public void swim(){
System.out.println("All ducks float, even decoys");
}
public void setFlyBehavior(FlyBehavior flyBehavior) {
this.flyBehavior = flyBehavior;
}
public void setQuackBehavior(QuackBehavior quackBehavior) {
this.quackBehavior = quackBehavior;
}
}
package duck.duck;
import duck.fly.FlyWithWings;
import duck.quack.Quack;
/**
* 野鸭子
*/
public class MallardDuck extends Duck{
public MallardDuck(){
quackBehavior = new Quack();
flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings();
}
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("I'm a real Mallard duck");
}
}
package duck.duck;
import duck.fly.FlyNoWay;
import duck.quack.Quack;
/**
* 模型鸭
*/
public class ModelDuck extends Duck{
public ModelDuck(){
quackBehavior = new Quack();
flyBehavior = new FlyNoWay();
}
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("I'm a model duck");
}
}
5、测试类
package duck;
import duck.duck.Duck;
import duck.duck.MallardDuck;
import duck.duck.ModelDuck;
import duck.fly.FlyRocketPowered;
/**
* 测试类
*/
public class MiniDuckSimulator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Duck mallard = new MallardDuck();
mallard.performFly();
mallard.performQuack();
System.out.println("------------------");
Duck model = new ModelDuck();
model.performFly();
//让不会飞的模型鸭子使用助推器
model.setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered());
model.performFly();
}
/**
* 运行结果:
* I'm flying!
Quack
------------------
I can't fly
I'm flying with a rocket
*/
}