策略模式-鸭子的变化

OO基础：抽象、封装、多态、继承

OO原则：封装变化、多用组合，少用继承、针对接口编程，不针对实现编程

策略模式：定义算法族，分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换，此模式让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户

1、代码结构：

2、飞行package

package duck.fly;

/**
 * 鸭子飞行接口
 */
public interface FlyBehavior {
	public void fly();
}

package duck.fly;

/**
 * 不能飞行的类
 */
public class FlyNoWay implements FlyBehavior{

	@Override
	public void fly() {
		System.out.println("I can't fly");
	}

}

package duck.fly;

/**
 * 可以飞行的类
 */
public class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior{

	@Override
	public void fly() {
		System.out.println("I'm flying!");
	}
	
}

package duck.fly;

/**
 * 使用火箭助推器进行飞行
 */
public class FlyRocketPowered implements FlyBehavior{

	@Override
	public void fly() {
		System.out.println("I'm flying with a rocket");
	}

}

3、叫声package

package duck.quack;

/**
 * 叫的行为接口
 */
public interface QuackBehavior {
	public void quack();
}

package duck.quack;

/**
 * 嘎嘎叫
 */
public class Quack implements QuackBehavior{

	@Override
	public void quack() {
		System.out.println("Quack");
	}

}

package duck.quack;

/**
 * 什么都不做，不会叫
 */
public class MuteQuack implements QuackBehavior{

	@Override
	public void quack() {
		System.out.println("<< Silence >>");
	}

}

package duck.quack;

/**
 * 呱呱叫
 */
public class Squeak implements QuackBehavior{

	@Override
	public void quack() {
		System.out.println("Squeak");
	}

}

4、鸭子package

package duck.duck;

import duck.fly.FlyBehavior;
import duck.quack.QuackBehavior;

/**
 * 鸭子的抽象类
 * 使用组合的方式有时候比使用继承的方式更加好
 */
public abstract class Duck {
	FlyBehavior flyBehavior;//飞行行为
	QuackBehavior quackBehavior;//叫的行为
	
	/**
	 * 鸭子的外貌
	 */
	public abstract void display();
	
	public void performFly(){
		flyBehavior.fly();
	}
	
	public void performQuack(){
		quackBehavior.quack();
	}
	
	public void swim(){
		System.out.println("All ducks float, even decoys");
	}

	public void setFlyBehavior(FlyBehavior flyBehavior) {
		this.flyBehavior = flyBehavior;
	}

	public void setQuackBehavior(QuackBehavior quackBehavior) {
		this.quackBehavior = quackBehavior;
	}
}

package duck.duck;

import duck.fly.FlyWithWings;
import duck.quack.Quack;

/**
 * 野鸭子
 */
public class MallardDuck extends Duck{

	public MallardDuck(){
		quackBehavior = new Quack();
		flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings();
	}
	
	@Override
	public void display() {
		System.out.println("I'm a real Mallard duck");
	}

}

package duck.duck;

import duck.fly.FlyNoWay;
import duck.quack.Quack;

/**
 * 模型鸭
 */
public class ModelDuck extends Duck{

	public ModelDuck(){
		quackBehavior = new Quack();
		flyBehavior = new FlyNoWay();
	}
	
	@Override
	public void display() {
		System.out.println("I'm a model duck");
	}

}

5、测试类

package duck;

import duck.duck.Duck;
import duck.duck.MallardDuck;
import duck.duck.ModelDuck;
import duck.fly.FlyRocketPowered;

/**
 * 测试类
 */
public class MiniDuckSimulator {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Duck mallard = new MallardDuck();
		mallard.performFly();
		mallard.performQuack();
		System.out.println("------------------");
		Duck model = new ModelDuck();
		model.performFly();
		//让不会飞的模型鸭子使用助推器
		model.setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered());
		model.performFly();
	}
	/**
	 * 运行结果：
	 *  I'm flying!
		Quack
		------------------
		I can't fly
		I'm flying with a rocket
	 */
}