一、lucene3.5的创建和增删改查

1、工程结构

2、索引创建时的属性：

Field.Store.YES或者NO(存储域选项)
设置为YES表示或把这个域中的内容完全存储到文件中，方便进行文本的还原
设置为NO表示把这个域的内容不存储到文件中，但是可以被索引，此时内容无法完全还原(doc.get)

Field.Index(索引选项)
Index.ANALYZED:进行分词和索引，适用于标题、内容等
Index.NOT_ANALYZED:进行索引，但是不进行分词，如果身份证号，姓名，ID等，适用于精确搜索
Index.ANALYZED_NOT_NORMS:进行分词但是不存储norms信息，这个norms中包括了创建索引的时间和权值等信息
norms中存储了很多排序的信息，
Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NOT_NORMS:即不进行分词也不存储norms信息
Index.NO:不进行索引 

3、lucene的增删改查类

package org.itat.index;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.NumericField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.CorruptIndexException;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.index.StaleReaderException;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.LockObtainFailedException;
import org.apache.lucene.store.RAMDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;


public class IndexUtil {
	private String[] ids = {"1","2","3","4","5","6"};
	private String[] emails = {"aa@itat.org","bb@itat.org","cc@cc.org","dd@sina.org","ee@zttc.edu","ff@itat.org"};
	private String[] contents = {
			"welcome to visited the space,I like book",
			"hello boy, I like pingpeng ball",
			"my name is cc I like game",
			"I like football",
			"I like football and I like basketball too",
			"I like movie and swim"
	};
	private Date[] dates = null;
	private int[] attachs = {2,3,1,4,5,5};
	private String[] names = {"zhangsan","lisi","john","jetty","mike","jake"};
	private Directory directory = null;
	private Map<String,Float> scores = new HashMap<String,Float>();
	private static IndexReader reader = null;
	
	public IndexUtil() {
		try {
			setDates();
			scores.put("itat.org",2.0f);
			scores.put("zttc.edu", 1.5f);
			//directory = FSDirectory.open(new File("d:/lucene/index02"));
			directory = new RAMDirectory();
			index();
			reader = IndexReader.open(directory,false);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 对于IndexReader而言，反复使用Index.open打开会有很大的开销，所以一般在整个程序的生命周期中
	 * 只会打开一个IndexReader,通过这个IndexReader来创建不同的IndexSearcher,如果使用单例模式，
	 * 可能出现的问题有：
	 * 1、当使用Writer修改了索引之后不会更新信息，所以需要使用IndexReader.openIfChange方法操作
	 * 如果IndexWriter在创建完成之后，没有关闭，需要进行commit操作之后才能提交
	 * @return
	 */
	public IndexSearcher getSearcher() {
		try {
			if(reader==null) {
				reader = IndexReader.open(directory,false);
			} else {
				IndexReader tr = IndexReader.openIfChanged(reader);
				//如果原来的reader没改变，返回null
				//如果原来的reader改变，则更新为新的索引
				if(tr!=null) {
					reader.close();
					reader = tr;
				}
			}
			return new IndexSearcher(reader);
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
		
	}
	
	private void setDates() {
		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
		try {
			dates = new Date[ids.length];
			dates[0] = sdf.parse("2010-02-19");
			dates[1] = sdf.parse("2012-01-11");
			dates[2] = sdf.parse("2011-09-19");
			dates[3] = sdf.parse("2010-12-22");
			dates[4] = sdf.parse("2012-01-01");
			dates[5] = sdf.parse("2011-05-19");
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 把之前删除的索引数据进行恢复
	 */
	public void undelete() {
		//使用IndexReader进行恢复
		try {
			IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(directory,false);
			//恢复时，必须把IndexReader的只读(readOnly)设置为false
			reader.undeleteAll();
			reader.close();
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (StaleReaderException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	/**
	 * forceMerge是lucene3.5之前替代optimize方法的，其实只是改了个名称，因为优化的使效率变低
	 * 因为一到优化它就会全部更新索引，这个所涉及到的负载是很大的
	 * 所以改了个名称，不推荐使用，在做优化的时候会把索引回收站中的数据文件全部删除
	 * lucene会在你写索引的时候根据你的索引的段越来越多会自动帮忙优化的，force是强制优化
	 */
	public void merge() {
		IndexWriter writer = null;
		try {
			writer = new IndexWriter(directory,
					new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_35,new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35)));
			//会将索引合并为2段，这两段中的被删除的数据会被清空
			//特别注意：此处Lucene在3.5之后不建议使用，因为会消耗大量的开销，
			//Lucene会根据情况自动处理的
			writer.forceMerge(2);
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if(writer!=null) writer.close();
			} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 假如你想要强制删除回收站的信息可以调用writer.forceMergeDeletes()这个方法，
	 * 但是这个方法不推荐使用，比较消耗内存，lucene会自动根据容量的大小删除所删除的文件
	 */
	public void forceDelete() {
		IndexWriter writer = null;
		
		try {
			writer = new IndexWriter(directory,
					new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_35,new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35)));
			writer.forceMergeDeletes();
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if(writer!=null) writer.close();
			} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 删除索引数据,默认不会完全删除，被放入索引回收站
	 */
	public void delete() {
		IndexWriter writer = null;
		
		try {
			writer = new IndexWriter(directory,
					new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_35,new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35)));
			//参数是一个选项，可以是一个Query，也可以是一个term，term是一个精确查找的值
			//此时删除的文档并不会被完全删除，而是存储在一个回收站中的，可以恢复
			//执行完这个操作，索引文件夹下就会多出一个名叫_0_1.del的文件，也就是删除的文件在这个文件中记录了
			writer.deleteDocuments(new Term("id","1"));
			writer.commit();
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if(writer!=null) writer.close();
			} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 使用reader删除，其实里面也会调用writer删除，
	 * 优点是使用reader删除马上会更新索引信息
	 * 现在一般还是使用writer来删除，reader.getWriter这个方法被过时了
	 */
	public void delete02() {
		try {
			reader.deleteDocuments(new Term("id","1"));
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 更新操作
	 * Lucene并没有提供更新，这里的更新操作其实是如下两个操作的合集
	 * 先删除之后再添加
	 */
	public void update() {
		IndexWriter writer = null;
		try {
			writer = new IndexWriter(directory,
					new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_35,new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35)));
			Document doc = new Document();
			doc.add(new Field("id","11",Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS));
			doc.add(new Field("email",emails[0],Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));
			doc.add(new Field("content",contents[0],Field.Store.NO,Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			doc.add(new Field("name",names[0],Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS));
			writer.updateDocument(new Term("id","1"), doc);
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if(writer!=null) writer.close();
			} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public void query() {
		try {
			IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(directory);
			//通过reader可以有效的获取到文档的数量
			System.out.println("numDocs:"+reader.numDocs());//存储的文档数//不包括被删除的
			System.out.println("maxDocs:"+reader.maxDoc());//总存储量,包括在回收站中的索引
			System.out.println("deleteDocs:"+reader.numDeletedDocs());
			reader.close();
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	/**
	 *	索引文件后缀为.fmn为保存的是域的名称等
	 * .fdt和.fdx保存的是Store.YES的信息，保存域里面存储的数据
	 * .frq表示这里的域哪些出现多少次，哪些单词出现多少次，
	 * .nrm存储一些评分信息
	 * .prx存储一些偏移量等
	 * .tii和.tis专门存储索引里面的所有内容信息
	 */
	public void index() {
		IndexWriter writer = null;
		try {
			//在2.9版本之后,lucene的就不是全部的索引格式都兼容的了,所以在使用的时候必须写明版本号
			writer = new IndexWriter(directory, new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_35, new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_35)));
			writer.deleteAll();//清空索引
			Document doc = null;
			for(int i=0;i<ids.length;i++) {
				doc = new Document();
				doc.add(new Field("id",ids[i],Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS));
				doc.add(new Field("email",emails[i],Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));
				doc.add(new Field("email","test"+i+"@test.com",Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));
				doc.add(new Field("content",contents[i],Field.Store.NO,Field.Index.ANALYZED));
				doc.add(new Field("name",names[i],Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS));
				//存储数字
				//NumberTools.stringToLong("");已经被标记为过时了
				doc.add(new NumericField("attach",Field.Store.YES,true).setIntValue(attachs[i]));
				//存储日期
				doc.add(new NumericField("date",Field.Store.YES,true).setLongValue(dates[i].getTime()));
				String et = emails[i].substring(emails[i].lastIndexOf("@")+1);
				System.out.println(et);
				if(scores.containsKey(et)) {
					doc.setBoost(scores.get(et));
				} else {
					doc.setBoost(0.5f);//默认是1.0f
				}
				writer.addDocument(doc);
			}
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if(writer!=null)writer.close();
			} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public void search01() {
		try {
			IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(directory);
			IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);
			TermQuery query = new TermQuery(new Term("email","test0@test.com"));
			TopDocs tds = searcher.search(query, 10);
			for(ScoreDoc sd:tds.scoreDocs) {
				Document doc = searcher.doc(sd.doc);
				System.out.println("("+sd.doc+"-"+doc.getBoost()+"-"+sd.score+")"+
						doc.get("name")+"["+doc.get("email")+"]-->"+doc.get("id")+","+
						doc.get("attach")+","+doc.get("date")+","+doc.getValues("email")[1]);
			}
			reader.close();
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public void search02() {
		try {
			IndexSearcher searcher = getSearcher();
			TermQuery query = new TermQuery(new Term("content","like"));
			TopDocs tds = searcher.search(query, 10);
			for(ScoreDoc sd:tds.scoreDocs) {
				Document doc = searcher.doc(sd.doc);
				System.out.println(doc.get("id")+"---->"+
						doc.get("name")+"["+doc.get("email")+"]-->"+doc.get("id")+","+
						doc.get("attach")+","+doc.get("date")+","+doc.getValues("email")[1]);
			}
			searcher.close();
		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

4、lucene的单元测试类

package org.itat.test;

import org.itat.index.IndexUtil;
import org.junit.Test;

public class TestIndex {
	
	@Test
	public void testIndex() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.index();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testQuery() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.query();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testDelete() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.delete();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testDelete02() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.delete02();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testUnDelete() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.undelete();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testForceDelete() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.forceDelete();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testMerge() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.merge();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testUpdate() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.update();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSearch01() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		iu.search01();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSearch02() {
		IndexUtil iu = new IndexUtil();
		for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {
			iu.search02();
			System.out.println("-----------------------------");
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

工程下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/wxwzy738/5256133