[python] 封闭Linux环境安装matplotlib库和pygal库

服务器和python官网是不通的，所以采取手动安装方式

重点：

1.下载依赖库，压缩包解压一个装一个，不然最后都分不清哪个已经装了。。。

如果是手动安装，仅安装Matplotlib是不够的，就还需要安装six，cycler，kiwisolver，numpy，pyparsing，python_dateutil，pytz等依赖库才可以。

 

2.安装时候根据报错去找包，可以去python官网，但是有的包找不到这时可以去找对应的源码包从ftp服务器上下载（一般官网有链接）

（1）python官网下载tar.gz或zip等，解压后进入目录执行 python3 setup.py install

（2）python官网没有找到libffi和libpng，后者block了matplotlib的安装

libffi   ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi

 

step 1 解压

如果用 tar -xzvf 报错如下，则改用 tar -xvf xxx

# tar -xzvf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz

 

gzip: stdin: not in gzip format

tar: Child returned status 1

tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

 

step2 编译安装

进入解压后路径执行如下命令

 ./configure  -> make -> sudo make install

 

libpng官网  http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html 下了几个压缩包解压出来有问题，最终找到以下这个OK

表格Beta Code一栏中 https://libpng.sourceforge.io/index.html

 

打开的新页面中找到这个链接（描述中后面那个更快的没有试）

The previous ftp site is still being maintained at ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png, but the OSUOSL site is much faster and has a more complete archive of old versions.

 

ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png/src/libpng16/ 找到tar.gz下载

 

3.执行matplotlib安装时的一些报错的解决

(1) 如下，少了libpng，去下载然后安装

[root@xxx matplotlib-3.0.3]# python3 setup.py install

============================================================================

...

      install_requires: yes [handled by setuptools]

                libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not

                        be found. Using local copy.]

              freetype: yes [version 2.3.11]

                   png: no  [pkg-config information for 'libpng' could not

                        be found.]

                 qhull: yes [pkg-config information for 'libqhull' could not

                        be found. Using local copy.]

...

============================================================================

                        * The following required packages can not be built:

                        * png

 

 

（2）如下，没有安装gcc++，因为用的是本地yum源，所以用yum安装一下

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/skyme/archive/2011/01/19/1939606.html

gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

 

可能是gcc和g++版本不兼j容，也可能是安装完gcc没有安装g++

 

查看版本，发现没有安装gcc++

# gcc -v

Using built-in specs.

Target: x86_64-redhat-linux

Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux

Thread model: posix

gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC)

# gcc++ -v

-bash: gcc++: command not found

 

执行yum命令安装 # yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=MEDIA install gcc-c++

 

（3）如下，先安装版本>=2.1的python-dateutil（其实下载解压了但是下的包太多了，这个漏了安装）

Download error on https://pypi.org/simple/: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

No local packages or working download links found for python-dateutil>=2.1

error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('python-dateutil>=2.1')

 

然后安装python-dateutil又有报错，先去python官网下载个setuptools_scm安装

Download error on https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools_scm/: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

Download error on https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools-scm/: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

Couldn't find index page for 'setuptools_scm' (maybe misspelled?)

Download error on https://pypi.org/simple/: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

No local packages or working download links found for setuptools_scm

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('setuptools_scm')

 

 

最后终于成功安装matplotlib了（试着import matplotlib没问题）

[root@xxx matplotlib-3.0.3]# python3 setup.py install

......

Finished processing dependencies for matplotlib==3.0.3

[root@xxx matplotlib-3.0.3]# python3

Python 3.6.8 (default, Apr  9 2019, 18:09:49)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import matplotlib

>>>

>>> exit()

 

========================================= 

使用matplotlib遇到的问题

 

# python3

Python 3.6.8 (default, Apr  9 2019, 18:09:49)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

  File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 32, in <module>

    import matplotlib.colorbar

  File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/colorbar.py", line 32, in <module>

    import matplotlib.contour as contour

  File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/contour.py", line 19, in <module>

    import matplotlib.text as text

  File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/text.py", line 18, in <module>

    from .textpath import TextPath  # Unused, but imported by others.

  File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/textpath.py", line 12, in <module>

    from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser

  File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/mathtext.py", line 34, in <module>

    from matplotlib import _png, cbook, colors as mcolors, get_data_path, rcParams

ImportError: libpng16.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

 

解决：

libpng的安装目录下配置动态链接

# echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

# cat /etc/ld.so.conf

include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

/usr/local/lib

 

# cd libpng-1.6.34

# sudo ldconfig

 

########################################################

pygal安装之前要安装pytest-runner

 

1.python官网下载pytest-runner和pygal

2.安装pytest-runner，再安装pygal (python3 setup.py install)