08 sping注解开发-自动装配

自动装配：Spring利用依赖注入（DI），完成对IOC容器中各个组件的依赖关系赋值

1 @Autowired

1.1 @Autowired介绍

@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Autowired {
	/**
	 * Declares whether the annotated dependency is required.
	 * <p>Defaults to {@code true}.
	 */
	boolean required() default true;
}

• 可以用在构造方法，方法，属性
• 有一个参数: required： 表示是否必须，默认是ture

1.2 演示

1. 在AddressService中增加以下定义
   分别在在构造方法，属性，set方法加@AutoWired注解，自动注入Person，AddressDao，UserDao，

@Service
public class AddressService {

    @Autowired
    private AddressDao addressDao;

    private UserDao userDao;

    private Person person;

    @Autowired
    public AddressService(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    

    public AddressDao getAddressDao() {
        return addressDao;
    }

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    public Person getPerson() {
        return person;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "AddressService{" +
                "addressDao=" + addressDao +
                ", userDao=" + userDao +
                ", person=" + person +
                '}';
    }
}

2. 将UserDao，AddressDao注入到容器中

@Repository
public class AddressDao {
}

@Repository
public class UserDao {
}

3. 主配置文件

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = {"study.wyy.spring.anno.learn"})
@PropertySource({"classpath:mysql.properties"})
public class MainConfig3 {
    @Bean
    public Person person() {
        return new Person("autoWired", 11);
    }
}

4. 测试

@Test
    public void test02(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig3.class);
        AddressService bean = applicationContext.getBean(AddressService.class);
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getAddressDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getUserDao(),notNullValue());
    }

5. request 属性演示
   在主配配置文件中不再注入Person

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = {"study.wyy.spring.anno.learn"})
@PropertySource({"classpath:mysql.properties"})
public class MainConfig3 {
}

在测试: 会抛出UnsatisfiedDependencyException

 @Test(expected = UnsatisfiedDependencyException.class)
    public void test03(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig3.class);
        AddressService bean = applicationContext.getBean(AddressService.class);
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getAddressDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getUserDao(),notNullValue());
    }

在注入Person的地方，将request设置为false

@Service
public class AddressService {

    @Autowired
    private AddressDao addressDao;

    private UserDao userDao;

    private Person person;


    public AddressService(@Autowired(required = false)Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }


    public AddressDao getAddressDao() {
        return addressDao;
    }

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    public Person getPerson() {
        return person;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "AddressService{" +
                "addressDao=" + addressDao +
                ", userDao=" + userDao +
                ", person=" + person +
                '}';
    }
}

在测试

 @Test
    public void test04(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig3.class);
        AddressService bean = applicationContext.getBean(AddressService.class);
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getAddressDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson(),nullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getUserDao(),notNullValue());
    }

2 @Qualifier

2.1 引入

spring首先会根据类型进行注入，比如刚刚的AddressService中注入了AddressDao，spring默认会先根据类型匹配进行注入，找到AddressDao类型进行注入，如果AddressDao存在多个呢？会根据名字进行再次匹配

进行测试：在主配置在注入一个Person，beanname分别是person和person2

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = {"study.wyy.spring.anno.learn"})
@PropertySource({"classpath:mysql.properties"})
public class MainConfig3 {
    @Bean
    public Person person() {
        return new Person("autoWired", 11);
    }

    @Bean
    public Person person2() {
        return new Person("java", 12);
    }
}

之前的AddressServie中Person的属性名为person

@Service
public class AddressService {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("addressDao")
    private AddressDao addressDao;

    private UserDao userDao;

    private Person person;


    public AddressService(@Autowired(required = false)Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }


    public AddressDao getAddressDao() {
        return addressDao;
    }

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    public Person getPerson() {
        return person;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "AddressService{" +
                "addressDao=" + addressDao +
                ", userDao=" + userDao +
                ", person=" + person +
                '}';
    }
}

测试 : 注入的person是person2而不是person

@Test
    public void test05(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig3.class);
        AddressService bean = applicationContext.getBean(AddressService.class);
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getAddressDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getUserDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson().getName(),equalTo("autoWired"));
    }

2.2 如何指定注入的Bean呢

如何指定注入的是person呢—> @Qualifier

@Service
public class AddressService {

    @Autowired
    private AddressDao addressDao;

    private UserDao userDao;

    private Person person;


    public AddressService(@Autowired(required = false) @Qualifier("person2") Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

@Qualifier也可以用在方法，属性，参数上，可以和@Autowired搭配使用

3 @Primary

如果容器中同类型的Bean，存在多个Bean，可以使用@Primary指定哪一个为主要，优先注入
指定person2为主要，其他组件依赖Person时候，会优先注入person2

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = {"study.wyy.spring.anno.learn"})
@PropertySource({"classpath:mysql.properties"})
public class MainConfig3 {
    @Bean
    public Person person() {
        return new Person("autoWired", 11);
    }
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public Person person2() {
        return new Person("java", 12);
    }
}

先去掉AddressService的@Qualifier注解

public class AddressService {

    @Autowired
    private AddressDao addressDao;

    private UserDao userDao;

    private Person person;


    public AddressService(@Autowired(required = false) Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

此时注入的也是person2

@Test
    public void test05(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig3.class);
        AddressService bean = applicationContext.getBean(AddressService.class);
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getAddressDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getUserDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson().getName(),equalTo("autoWired"));
    }

但是如果使用`@Qualifier`注解指定注入的是person，则注入的就会是person
```java
@Service
public class AddressService {

    @Autowired
    private AddressDao addressDao;

    private UserDao userDao;

    private Person person;


    public AddressService(@Autowired(required = false) @Qualifier("person") Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

测试

 @Test
    public void test07(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig3.class);
        AddressService bean = applicationContext.getBean(AddressService.class);
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getAddressDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getUserDao(),notNullValue());
        Assert.assertThat(bean.getPerson().getName(),equalTo("autoWired"));
    }