大家接触Feign都是通过Spring Cloud,平时使用的均是Spring MVC的注解。但是Feign是完全不依赖SpringMvc的注解的,是可以直接使用的哟。
文章目录
1 准备工作
1.1 准备工作:Feign日志打印
Feign内置了日志打印的
- feign.Logger.JavaLogger:使用的java.util.logging.Logger输出,但是日志级别的FINE级别,默认不会输出到控制台
- feign.Logger.ErrorLogger:错误输出。使用的System.err.printf()输出
- feign.Logger.NoOpLogger:什么都不输出,它是Feign的默认使用的Logger实现,也就是不会给控制台输出
1.2 准备工作:定义一个Feign客户端构建器
package study.wyy.feign.java.spi;
import feign.Feign;
import feign.Logger;
import feign.Retryer;
public class FeignClientBuilder<T> {
// 服务提供者的地址
public static String HOST = "http://localhost:8001";
public static <T> T build(Class<T> clazz){
return Feign.builder()
// 输出日志到控制台
.logger(new Logger.ErrorLogger()).logLevel(Logger.Level.FULL)
// 关闭重试
.retryer(Retryer.NEVER_RETRY)
// 404进行编码,404的时候就不会抛出异常了
.decode404()
.target(clazz,HOST);
}
}
1 Get请求入门
1.1 案例
- 入门代码中的服务提供者模块添加一个get请求
/**
* 测试一个参数
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/get")
public String test01(@RequestParam String name) {
return name;
}
- Feign客户端定义
package study.wyy.feign.java.consumer;
import feign.Param;
import feign.RequestLine;
/**
* @author by wyaoyao
* @Description
* @Date 2021/3/20 10:02 上午
*/
public interface GetControllerClient {
/**
* 测试一个参数
*
* @return
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
String invokeTest01(@Param(value = "name") String name);
}
- 测试
package study.wyy.feign.java.test;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import study.wyy.feign.java.consumer.GetControllerClient;
import study.wyy.feign.java.spi.FeignClientBuilder;
public class GetControllerClientTest {
private GetControllerClient client;
@Before
public void before(){
client = FeignClientBuilder.build(GetControllerClient.class);
}
@Test
public void test01(){
String response = client.invokeTest01("张三");
System.out.println(response);
}
}
输出:
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/get?name=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89 HTTP/1.1
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (41ms)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] connection: keep-alive
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] content-length: 6
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] date: Sat, 20 Mar 2021 04:46:28 GMT
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] keep-alive: timeout=60
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01]
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] 张三
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest01] <--- END HTTP (6-byte body)
张三
1.2 API讲解(一)
上面主要涉及了两个注解
feign.RequestLine
feign.Param
1.2.1 RequestLine注解
用于指定请求方法和请求Url模板。
比如:@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
,就指定了:
- 请求方式为
Get请求
- 请求的url模板为
/feign/provider/get?name={name}
// 只能用在方法上
@java.lang.annotation.Target(METHOD)
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface RequestLine {
//定义请求方式,请求路径,还有请求参数
String value();
// 是否编码/符号,默认是会编码的,也就是转义的意思
boolean decodeSlash() default true;
// 默认支持URL传多值,是通过key来传输的。形如:key=value1&key=value2&key=value3
// CollectionFormat不同的取值对应不同的分隔符,一般不建议改
CollectionFormat collectionFormat() default CollectionFormat.EXPLODED;
}
使用注意点:
- 请求方法必须大写:GET,POST,因为底层是通过下面的枚举feign.Request.HttpMethod映射
public enum HttpMethod {
GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, CONNECT, OPTIONS, TRACE, PATCH
}
- RequestLine注解的首个单词必须是HTTP方法,且必须顶格写(前面不允许有空格),但后面是需要有空格(可以多个)
// 前面不允许有空格(错误实例)
@RequestLine(" GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
String invokeTest01(@Param(value = "name") String name);
// 后面是需要有空格(错误实例)
@RequestLine("GET/feign/provider/get?name={name}")
String invokeTest01(@Param(value = "name") String name);
// 后面是需要有空格
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
String invokeTest01(@Param(value = "name") String name);
// 后面是需要有空格(可以多个)
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
String invokeTest01(@Param(value = "name") String name);
1.2.2 Param注解
通过名称定义模板变量,其值将用于填入上面的模版
package feign;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.PARAMETER;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@java.lang.annotation.Target(PARAMETER) // 只能用在参数上
public @interface Param {
/**
* 指定请求模板中的参数名
* @RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
* {name}就是模板的中的参数名,对应的形参最后将填充对应的请求模板对应的位置
*/
String value();
/**
* How to expand the value of this parameter, if {@link ToStringExpander} isn't adequate.
* 如何把参数填充到模板中,默认是调用取toString方法
*/
Class<? extends Expander> expander() default ToStringExpander.class;
/**
* Specifies whether argument is already encoded The value is ignored for headers (headers are
* never encoded)
* 是否编码,默认不编码,但是请求头从不编码
* @see QueryMap#encoded
*/
boolean encoded() default false;
interface Expander {
/**
* Expands the value into a string. Does not accept or return null.
*/
String expand(Object value);
}
final class ToStringExpander implements Expander {
@Override
public String expand(Object value) {
return value.toString();
}
}
}
比如上面的:
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get?name={name}")
String invokeTest01(@Param(value = "name") String name);
@Test
public void test01(){
String response = getControllerClient.invokeTest01("张三");
System.out.println(response);
}
调用的时候就是把实参张三,填充到请求url上:feign/provider/get?name=wade
注意1 :
@Param是不能省略的,即使形参的参数名字和模板中的一致也不可以省略
下面就测试一下:
- 服务提供者
@GetMapping("/param1")
public String param1(@RequestParam String name){
return "@Param " + name;
}
- 客户端
- 测试
public interface ParamClient {
/**
* 测试1: 使用Param注解
* @param
* @return
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/param1?name={name}")
String consumerParam1(@Param("name") String str);
/**
* 测试1: 不使用Param注解,形参和模板中的参数key对应
* @param
* @return
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/param1?name={name}")
String consumerParam2(String name);
/**
* 测试1: 不使用Param注解,但是形参和模板中的参数key不对应
* @param
* @return
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/param1?name={name}")
String consumerParam3(String str);
}
测试
public class ParamTest {
private ParamClient client;
@Before
public void before(){
client = FeignClientBuilder.build(ParamClient.class);
}
@Test
public void testConsumerParam1() {
String result = client.consumerParam1("Feign");
System.out.println(result);
}
@Test
public void testConsumerParam2() {
String s = client.consumerParam2("Feign");
System.out.println(s);
}
@Test
public void testConsumerParam3() {
String s = client.consumerParam3("Feign");
System.out.println(s);
}
}
只有第一个可以测试通过,第二个第三个都是同一个错误:
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/param1 HTTP/1.1 # 参数根本没有拼接
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] Content-Length: 5
[ParamClient#consumerParam3]
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] Feign
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] ---> END HTTP (5-byte body)
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] <--- HTTP/1.1 405 (18ms)
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] allow: GET
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] connection: keep-alive
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] content-type: application/json
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 07:54:20 GMT
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] keep-alive: timeout=60
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] transfer-encoding: chunked
[ParamClient#consumerParam3]
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] {"timestamp":"2020-12-17T07:54:20.980+0000","status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","message":"Request method 'POST' not supported","path":"/feign/provider/param1"}
[ParamClient#consumerParam3] <--- END HTTP (166-byte body)
feign.FeignException$MethodNotAllowed: status 405 reading ParamClient#consumerParam3(String)
2 Get请求:请求参数为Map
2.1 案例
- 服务提供
/**
* 测试一个Map,一次性传递多个参数
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/get/map")
public String test02(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map) {
try {
return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "error";
}
}
- feign客户端
/**
* 测试一个Map,一次性传递多个参数
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get/map?map={map}")
String invokeTest02(@Param("map") Map<String, Object> map);
- 测试
@Test
public void test02(){
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name","wade");
map.put("age",28);
String response = client.invokeTest02(map);
System.out.println(response);
}
输出:
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/get/map?map=%7Bname=wade,%20age=28%7D HTTP/1.1
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (147ms)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] connection: keep-alive
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] content-length: 29
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] date: Sat, 20 Mar 2021 09:24:29 GMT
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] keep-alive: timeout=60
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02]
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] {"map":"{name=wade, age=28}"}
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] <--- END HTTP (29-byte body)
{"map":"{name=wade, age=28}"}
发现使用@Param注解不对,请求路径上的参数是:
/feign/provider/get/map?map=%7Bname=wade,%20age=28%7D
我们期望的请求格式:
/feign/provider/get/map?name=wade&age=28
在服务提供者打个断点,看一下数据:
这里使用另一个注解
feign.QueryMap
,并且请求url模板也不对,应该这样
/**
* 测试一个Map,一次性传递多个参数
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get/map")
String invokeTest02(@QueryMap Map<String, Object> map);
再看输出,url就是期望的样子:name=wade&age=28
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/get/map?name=wade&age=28 HTTP/1.1
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (3273ms)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] connection: keep-alive
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] content-length: 26
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] date: Sat, 20 Mar 2021 09:44:25 GMT
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] keep-alive: timeout=60
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02]
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] {"name":"wade","age":"28"}
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest02] <--- END HTTP (26-byte body)
{"name":"wade","age":"28"}
2.2 API讲解(二)
2.2.1 QueryMap注解
package feign;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.PARAMETER;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@java.lang.annotation.Target(PARAMETER)
public @interface QueryMap {
/**
* Specifies whether parameter names and values are already encoded.
*
* @see Param#encoded
*/
boolean encoded() default false;
}
- 只能用到参数上
- 用于传递多个查询值,拼接在url上
- 只能用于标注map类型
3 Get请求发送:数组或者集合
- 服务提供者
@GetMapping("/param2")
public String param2(@RequestParam String[] names){
return "@Param " + names;
}
@GetMapping("/param3")
public String param3(@RequestParam List<String> names){
return "@Param " + names;
}
- feign客户端
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/param2?names={names}")
public String testArr(@Param("names") String[] names);
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/param3?names={names}")
public String testCollection(@Param("names") List<String> names);
- 测试
@Test
public void testArr(){
System.out.println(client.testArr(new String[]{"java","python"}));
}
@Test
public void testCollection(){
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("java");
list.add("python");
System.out.println(client.testCollection(null));
}
数组
[ParamClient#testArr] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/param2?names=%5BLjava.lang.String&names=@4cdbe50f HTTP/1.1
[ParamClient#testArr] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[ParamClient#testArr] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (324ms)
[ParamClient#testArr] connection: keep-alive
[ParamClient#testArr] content-length: 35
[ParamClient#testArr] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[ParamClient#testArr] date: Sun, 21 Mar 2021 04:39:30 GMT
[ParamClient#testArr] keep-alive: timeout=60
[ParamClient#testArr]
[ParamClient#testArr] @Param [Ljava.lang.String;@282531b4
[ParamClient#testArr] <--- END HTTP (35-byte body)
@Param [Ljava.lang.String;@282531b4
参数names=等于的是的这个数组的地址值,也就说默认还调用数组的toString方法
GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/param2?names=%5BLjava.lang.String&names=@4cdbe50f HTTP/1.1
collection:
[ParamClient#testCollection] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/param3?names=java&names=python HTTP/1.1
[ParamClient#testCollection] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[ParamClient#testCollection] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (4346ms)
[ParamClient#testCollection] connection: keep-alive
[ParamClient#testCollection] content-length: 21
[ParamClient#testCollection] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[ParamClient#testCollection] date: Sun, 21 Mar 2021 04:44:30 GMT
[ParamClient#testCollection] keep-alive: timeout=60
[ParamClient#testCollection]
[ParamClient#testCollection] @Param [java, python]
[ParamClient#testCollection] <--- END HTTP (21-byte body)
@Param [java, python]
可见collection是没有问题
测试feign使用集合,而mvc使用数组
/**
使用使用List测试/feign/provider/param2接口
**/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/param2?names={names}")
public String testArr(@Param("names") List<String> names);
@Test
public void testCollection2(){
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("java");
list.add("python");
System.out.println(client.testArr(list));
}
[ParamClient#testArr] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/param2?names=java&names=python HTTP/1.1
[ParamClient#testArr] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[ParamClient#testArr] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (28215ms)
[ParamClient#testArr] connection: keep-alive
[ParamClient#testArr] content-length: 21
[ParamClient#testArr] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[ParamClient#testArr] date: Sun, 21 Mar 2021 04:51:57 GMT
[ParamClient#testArr] keep-alive: timeout=60
[ParamClient#testArr]
[ParamClient#testArr] @Param [java, python]
[ParamClient#testArr] <--- END HTTP (21-byte body)
@Param [java, python]
可见collection依旧可以是没有问题,所以在传递数组或者集合数据的时候,推荐使用Feign
4 Get请求发送:发送pojo
- pojo
package study.wyy.feign.model;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONPObject;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author: wyaoyao
* @date: 2020-12-17 13:17
* @description:
*/
@Data
public class User implements Serializable {
private String name;
/**8
* 年龄
*/
private Integer age;
private List<String> hobby;
- 服务提供者
@GetMapping("/get/pojo/")
public String test05(User user) {
return user.toString();
}
- feign客户端
/**
* pojo
*
* @return
*/
@RequestLine("GET /feign/provider/get/pojo/")
String invokeTest05(@QueryMap User user);
- 测试
@Test
public void test05() {
User user = new User();
user.setAge(13);
user.setName("Wade");
user.setHobby(Arrays.asList("basketball","football"));
String response = client.invokeTest05(user);
System.out.println(response);
}
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] ---> GET http://localhost:8001/feign/provider/get/pojo/?name=Wade&age=13&hobby=basketball&hobby=football HTTP/1.1
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (67ms)
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] connection: keep-alive
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] content-length: 53
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] date: Sun, 21 Mar 2021 05:03:36 GMT
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] keep-alive: timeout=60
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05]
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] User(name=Wade, age=13, hobby=[basketball, football])
[GetControllerClient#invokeTest05] <--- END HTTP (53-byte body)
User(name=Wade, age=13, hobby=[basketball, football])