http://zhoulifa.bokee.com/6128714.html
转载:
http://blog.csdn.net/shark863/article/details/2107356
一定义
RPC(Remote Procedure Call Protocol)——远程过程调用协议,它是一种通过网络从远程计算机程序上请求服务,而不需要了解底层网络技术的协议。RPC协议假定某些传输协议的存在,如TCP或UDP,为通信程序之间携带信息数据。在OSI网络通信模型中,RPC跨越了传输层和应用层。RPC使得开发包括网络分布式多程序在内的应用程序更加容易
二工作原理
运行时,一次客户机对服务器的RPC调用,其内部操作大致有如下十步:
1.调用客户端句柄;执行传送参数
4.服务器句柄得到消息并取得参数
5.执行远程过程
6.执行的过程将结果返回服务器句柄
7.服务器句柄返回结果,调用远程系统内核
8.消息传回本地主机
10.客户接收句柄返回的数据
三具体操作
先编写一个 “ RPC 语言 ” ( RPC Language ( Remote Procedure Call Language ) ) 的源文件 test.x ,文件后缀名为 x 。
源代码如下:
program TESTPROG { version VERSION { string TEST(string) = 1; } = 1; } = 87654321; |
说明:这里数字87654321是RPC程序编号,还有VERSION版本号为1,都是给RPC服务程序用的。同时指定程序接受一个字符串参数。
运行这个命令:
rpcgen test.x |
将生成三个源文件:
test_clnt.c test.h test_svc.c |
源文件test_clnt.c 内容如下:
/* * Please do not edit this file. * It was generated using rpcgen. */ #include <memory.h> /* for memset */ #include "test.h" /* Default timeout can be changed using clnt_control() */ static struct timeval TIMEOUT = { 25, 0 }; char ** test_1(char **argp, CLIENT *clnt) { static char *clnt_res; memset((char *)&clnt_res, 0, sizeof(clnt_res)); if (clnt_call (clnt, TEST, (xdrproc_t) xdr_wrapstring, (caddr_t) argp, (xdrproc_t) xdr_wrapstring, (caddr_t) &clnt_res, TIMEOUT) != RPC_SUCCESS) { return (NULL); } return (&clnt_res); } |
说明:这是一个客户端调用函数,即客户端代码需要用到此函数。
源文件test.h内容如下:
/* * Please do not edit this file. * It was generated using rpcgen. */ #ifndef _TEST_H_RPCGEN #define _TEST_H_RPCGEN #include <rpc/rpc.h> #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #define TESTPROG 87654321 #define VERSION 1 #if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus) #define TEST 1 extern char ** test_1(char **, CLIENT *); extern char ** test_1_svc(char **, struct svc_req *); extern int testprog_1_freeresult (SVCXPRT *, xdrproc_t, caddr_t); #else /* K&R C */ #define TEST 1 extern char ** test_1(); extern char ** test_1_svc(); extern int testprog_1_freeresult (); #endif /* K&R C */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* !_TEST_H_RPCGEN */ |
说明:这里定义了一些公用头文件。
源文件test_svc.c内容如下:
/* * Please do not edit this file. * It was generated using rpcgen. */ #include "test.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <rpc/pmap_clnt.h> #include <string.h> #include <memory.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #ifndef SIG_PF #define SIG_PF void(*)(int) #endif static void testprog_1(struct svc_req *rqstp, register SVCXPRT *transp) { union { char *test_1_arg; } argument; char *result; xdrproc_t _xdr_argument, _xdr_result; char *(*local)(char *, struct svc_req *); switch (rqstp->rq_proc) { case NULLPROC: (void) svc_sendreply (transp, (xdrproc_t) xdr_void, (char *)NULL); return; case TEST: _xdr_argument = (xdrproc_t) xdr_wrapstring; _xdr_result = (xdrproc_t) xdr_wrapstring; local = (char *(*)(char *, struct svc_req *)) test_1_svc; break; default: svcerr_noproc (transp); return; } memset ((char *)&argument, 0, sizeof (argument)); if (!svc_getargs (transp, (xdrproc_t) _xdr_argument, (caddr_t) &argument)) { svcerr_decode (transp); return; } result = (*local)((char *)&argument, rqstp); if (result != NULL && !svc_sendreply(transp, (xdrproc_t) _xdr_result, result)) { svcerr_systemerr (transp); } if (!svc_freeargs (transp, (xdrproc_t) _xdr_argument, (caddr_t) &argument)) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", "unable to free arguments"); exit (1); } return; } int main (int argc, char **argv) { register SVCXPRT *transp; pmap_unset (TESTPROG, VERSION); transp = svcudp_create(RPC_ANYSOCK); if (transp == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", "cannot create udp service."); exit(1); } if (!svc_register(transp, TESTPROG, VERSION, testprog_1, IPPROTO_UDP)) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", "unable to register (TESTPROG, VERSION, udp)."); exit(1); } transp = svctcp_create(RPC_ANYSOCK, 0, 0); if (transp == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", "cannot create tcp service."); exit(1); } if (!svc_register(transp, TESTPROG, VERSION, testprog_1, IPPROTO_TCP)) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", "unable to register (TESTPROG, VERSION, tcp)."); exit(1); } svc_run (); fprintf (stderr, "%s", "svc_run returned"); exit (1); /* NOTREACHED */ } |
说明:这是一个标准的服务器端代码。
运行下列命令生成一个客户端源文件test_client.c:
rpcgen -Sc -o test_client.c test.x |
源代码test_client.c如下:
/* * This is sample code generated by rpcgen. * These are only templates and you can use them * as a guideline for developing your own functions. */ #include "test.h" void testprog_1(char *host) { CLIENT *clnt; char * *result_1; char * test_1_arg; #ifndef DEBUG clnt = clnt_create (host, TESTPROG, VERSION, "udp"); if (clnt == NULL) { clnt_pcreateerror (host); exit (1); } #endif /* DEBUG */ result_1 = test_1(&test_1_arg, clnt); if (result_1 == (char **) NULL) { clnt_perror (clnt, "call failed"); } #ifndef DEBUG clnt_destroy (clnt); #endif /* DEBUG */ } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { char *host; if (argc < 2) { printf ("usage: %s server_host\n", argv[0]); exit (1); } host = argv[1]; testprog_1 (host); exit (0); } |
运行这个命令生成服务端源文件test_srv_func.c:
rpcgen -Ss -o test_srv_func.c test.x |
源文件test_srv_func.c内容如下:
/* * This is sample code generated by rpcgen. * These are only templates and you can use them * as a guideline for developing your own functions. */ #include "test.h" char ** test_1_svc(char **argp, struct svc_req *rqstp) { static char * result; /* * insert server code here */ return &result; } |
说明:这是一个服务器端调用的函数。
至此,我们就可以编译生成程序来运行了。
用下面的命令编译生成服务端程序test_server:
gcc -Wall -o test_server test_clnt.c test_srv_func.c test_svc.c |
用下面的命令编译生成客户端程序test_client:
gcc -Wall -o test_client test_client.c test_clnt.c |
运行下列命令启动服务端:
./test_server |
运行下列命令可以进行客户端测试:
./test_client 127.0.0.1 |
但是由于现的的服务端没有处理客户端请求,所以这样的程序还不能完成任何工作。
说明:
1.在运行程序之前,要先安装portmap(端口映射)(apt-get install portmap sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart)。否则报错:
Cannot register service: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused
2.服务器端程序只能以root权限运行。否则报错:
cannot register service rpc authentication error why = client credential too weak
3因为没有对服务器端和客户代码进行修改,报错(此为正常调用函数,错误提示):
call failed rpc remote system error
下面我们先给服务端程序加上代码,使这个服务器能完成一定的工作。即修改 test_srv_func.c ,在 “ * insert server code here ” 后面加上取时间的代码,即修改后的 test_srv_func.c 代码如下:
/* * This is sample code generated by rpcgen. * These are only templates and you can use them * as a guideline for developing your own functions. */ #include <time.h> #include "test.h" char ** test_1_svc(char **argp, struct svc_req *rqstp) { static char * result; static char tmp_char[128]; time_t rawtime; /* * insert server code here */ if( time(&rawtime) == ((time_t)-1) ) { strcpy(tmp_char, "Error"); result = tmp_char; return &result; } sprintf(tmp_char, "服务器当前时间是 :%s", ctime(&rawtime)); result = tmp_char; return &result; } |
再修改客户端代码以显示服务器端返回的内容,即修改test_client.c源文件,只需要修改其中的函数testprog_1,修改后如下:
void testprog_1(char *host) { CLIENT *clnt; char * *result_1; char * test_1_arg; test_1_arg = (char *)malloc(128); #ifndef DEBUG clnt = clnt_create (host, TESTPROG, VERSION, "udp"); if (clnt == NULL) { clnt_pcreateerror (host); exit (1); } #endif /* DEBUG */ result_1 = test_1(&test_1_arg, clnt); if (result_1 == (char **) NULL) { clnt_perror (clnt, "call failed"); } if (strcmp(*result_1, "Error") == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: could not get the time\n", host); exit(1); } printf("收到消息 ... %s\n", *result_1); #ifndef DEBUG clnt_destroy (clnt); #endif /* DEBUG */ } |
重新运行上述编译命令编译生成程序:
gcc -Wall -o test_server test_clnt.c test_srv_func.c test_svc.c gcc -Wall -o test_client test_client.c test_clnt.c |
启动服务端程序后运行客户端程序如下:
./test_client 127.0.0.1 收到消息 ... 服务器当前时间是 :Tue Feb 27 11:45:21 2007 |
为了省略每次输入gcc命令的麻烦,也为了维护我们的工程,可以运行下列命令生成一个Makefile文件:
rpcgen -Sm test.x > Makefile |
生成的Makefile内容如下:
# This is a template Makefile generated by rpcgen # Parameters CLIENT = test_client SERVER = test_server SOURCES_CLNT.c = SOURCES_CLNT.h = SOURCES_SVC.c = SOURCES_SVC.h = SOURCES.x = test.x TARGETS_SVC.c = TARGETS_CLNT.c = TARGETS = OBJECTS_CLNT = $(SOURCES_CLNT.c:%.c=%.o) $(TARGETS_CLNT.c:%.c=%.o) OBJECTS_SVC = $(SOURCES_SVC.c:%.c=%.o) $(TARGETS_SVC.c:%.c=%.o) # Compiler flags CFLAGS += -g LDLIBS += -lnsl RPCGENFLAGS = # Targets all : $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) $(TARGETS) : $(SOURCES.x) rpcgen $(RPCGENFLAGS) $(SOURCES.x) $(OBJECTS_CLNT) : $(SOURCES_CLNT.c) $(SOURCES_CLNT.h) $(TARGETS_CLNT.c) $(OBJECTS_SVC) : $(SOURCES_SVC.c) $(SOURCES_SVC.h) $(TARGETS_SVC.c) $(CLIENT) : $(OBJECTS_CLNT) $(LINK.c) -o $(CLIENT) $(OBJECTS_CLNT) $(LDLIBS) $(SERVER) : $(OBJECTS_SVC) $(LINK.c) -o $(SERVER) $(OBJECTS_SVC) $(LDLIBS) clean: $(RM) core $(TARGETS) $(OBJECTS_CLNT) $(OBJECTS_SVC) $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) |
由于我们手工生成了源文件,所以要修改一下这个Makefile,修改后如下:
# This is a template Makefile generated by rpcgen # Parameters CLIENT = test_client SERVER = test_server SOURCES_CLNT.c = SOURCES_CLNT.h = SOURCES_SVC.c = SOURCES_SVC.h = SOURCES.x = test.x TARGETS_SVC.c = test_clnt.c test_srv_func.c test_svc.c TARGETS_CLNT.c = test_clnt.c test_client.c TARGETS = test.h test_clnt.c test_svc.c OBJECTS_CLNT = $(SOURCES_CLNT.c:%.c=%.o) $(TARGETS_CLNT.c:%.c=%.o) OBJECTS_SVC = $(SOURCES_SVC.c:%.c=%.o) $(TARGETS_SVC.c:%.c=%.o) # Compiler flags CFLAGS += -g LDLIBS += -lnsl RPCGENFLAGS = # Targets all : $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) $(TARGETS) : $(SOURCES.x) rpcgen $(RPCGENFLAGS) $(SOURCES.x) $(OBJECTS_CLNT) : $(SOURCES_CLNT.c) $(SOURCES_CLNT.h) $(TARGETS_CLNT.c) $(OBJECTS_SVC) : $(SOURCES_SVC.c) $(SOURCES_SVC.h) $(TARGETS_SVC.c) $(CLIENT) : $(OBJECTS_CLNT) $(LINK.c) -o $(CLIENT) $(OBJECTS_CLNT) $(LDLIBS) $(SERVER) : $(OBJECTS_SVC) $(LINK.c) -o $(SERVER) $(OBJECTS_SVC) $(LDLIBS) clean: $(RM) core $(TARGETS) $(OBJECTS_CLNT) $(OBJECTS_SVC) $(CLIENT) $(SERVER) *~ |
输入一个make命令就可以生成test_server和test_client这两个可执行程序。