go语言中http.handle和http.HandleFunc

一.go语言中http.handle和http.HandleFunc

二.go语言中的网络编程主要通过net包实现，net包提供了网络I/O接口，包括HTTP、TCP/IP、UDP、域名解析和Unix域socket等。和大多数语言一样go可以使用几行代码便可以启动一个服务器，但是得益于goroutine的配合go实现的服务器拥有强大并发处理能力。

      socket编程：Socket又称"套接字"，应用程序通常通过"套接字"向网络发出请求或者应答网络请求。

socket本质上就是在2台网络互通的电脑之间，架设一个通道，两台电脑通过这个通道来实现数据的互相传递。 我们知道网络 通信 都 是基于 ip+port 方能定位到目标的具体机器上的具体服务，操作系统有0-65535个端口，每个端口都可以独立对外提供服务，如果 把一个公司比做一台电脑 ，那公司的总机号码就相当于ip地址， 每个员工的分机号就相当于端口， 你想找公司某个人，必须 先打电话到总机，然后再转分机 。

go中socket编程实现起来非常方便，下面是处理流程：

服务器端：

1. 监听端口
2. 接受客户端连接
3. 创建goroutine处理连接

客户端：

1. 建立连接
2. 收发数据
3. 关闭连接

服务端示例：

package main

 

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func handle(conn net.Conn)  {    //处理连接方法
    defer conn.Close()  //关闭连接
    for{
        buf := make([]byte,100)
        n,err := conn.Read(buf)  //读取客户端数据
        if err!=nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
            return

        }
        fmt.Printf("read data size %d msg:%s", n, string(buf[0:n]))
        msg := []byte("hello,world\n")
        conn.Write(msg)  //发送数据
    }
}
func main()  {
    fmt.Println("start server....")
    listen,err := net.Listen("tcp","0.0.0.0:3000") //创建监听
    if err != nil{
        fmt.Println("listen failed! msg :" ,err)
        return
    }
    for{
        conn,errs := listen.Accept()  //接受客户端连接
        if errs != nil{
            fmt.Println("accept failed")
            continue
        }
        go handle(conn) //处理连接
    }
}

客户端示例：

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "net"
    "os"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:3000")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err dialing:", err.Error())
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()
    inputReader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
    for {
        str, _ := inputReader.ReadString('\n')
        data := strings.Trim(str, "\n")
        if data == "quit" {   //输入quit退出
            return
        }
        _, err := conn.Write([]byte(data)) //发送数据
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("send data error:", err)
            return
        }
        buf := make([]byte,512)
        n,err := conn.Read(buf)  //读取服务端端数据
        fmt.Println("from server:", string(buf[:n])    }
}

conn还提供了其它方法：

type Conn interface {
    // Read reads data from the connection.
    // Read can be made to time out and return an Error with Timeout() == true
    // after a fixed time limit; see SetDeadline and SetReadDeadline.
    Read(b []byte) (n int, err error)  //读取连接中数据
   
    // Write writes data to the connection.
    // Write can be made to time out and return an Error with Timeout() == true
    // after a fixed time limit; see SetDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
    Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) //发送数据

    // Close closes the connection.
    // Any blocked Read or Write operations will be unblocked and return errors.
    Close() error   //关闭链接

    // LocalAddr returns the local network address.
    LocalAddr() Addr //返回本地连接地址

    // RemoteAddr returns the remote network address.
    RemoteAddr() Addr //返回远程连接的地址

    // SetDeadline sets the read and write deadlines associated
    // with the connection. It is equivalent to calling both
    // SetReadDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
    //
    // A deadline is an absolute time after which I/O operations
    // fail with a timeout (see type Error) instead of
    // blocking. The deadline applies to all future and pending
    // I/O, not just the immediately following call to Read or
    // Write. After a deadline has been exceeded, the connection
    // can be refreshed by setting a deadline in the future.
    //
    // An idle timeout can be implemented by repeatedly extending
    // the deadline after successful Read or Write calls.
    //
    // A zero value for t means I/O operations will not time out.
    SetDeadline(t time.Time) error //设置链接读取或者写超时时间

    // SetReadDeadline sets the deadline for future Read calls
    // and any currently-blocked Read call.
    // A zero value for t means Read will not time out.
    SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error //单独设置读取超时时间

    // SetWriteDeadline sets the deadline for future Write calls
    // and any currently-blocked Write call.
    // Even if write times out, it may return n > 0, indicating that
    // some of the data was successfully written.
    // A zero value for t means Write will not time out.
    SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error//单独设置写超时时间
}

http具体处理流程（转载）