Qt5.14.2移植到SOM-RK3399开发板

参考这篇文章

1. 主机开发环境

1. 虚拟机Ubuntu18.04
2. Qt源码Qt5.14.2以及Qt安装包
3. 交叉编译工具官方下载地址

2. 安装aarch64-linux-gnu-g++交叉编译工具

安装交叉编译工具，我选择通过命令行安装，没有选择从官方地址下载。

• 更新软件源和升级更新软件

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

• 查看有哪些可选的交叉编译工具可供安装

$ sudo apt-cache search aarch64
binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU binary utilities, for aarch64-linux-gnu target
binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu-dbg - GNU binary utilities, for aarch64-linux-gnu target (debug symbols)
cpp-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor
cpp-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor (cpp) for the arm64 architecture
g++-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler for the arm64 architecture
gcc-7-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler for the arm64 architecture
qemu-system-arm - QEMU full system emulation binaries (arm)
cpp-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor
cpp-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor
cpp-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C preprocessor
g++-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler
g++-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler
gcc-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler
gcc-5-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
gcc-5-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gcc-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler
gcc-6-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
gcc-6-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gcc-7-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gcc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu-base - GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
gcc-8-plugin-dev-aarch64-linux-gnu - Files for GNU GCC plugin development.
gccgo-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gccgo-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gccgo-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gccgo-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Go compiler
gccgo-aarch64-linux-gnu - Go compiler (based on GCC) for the arm64 architecture
gdc-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2)
gdc-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2)
gdc-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (based on GCC) for the arm64 architecture
gfortran-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran compiler
gfortran-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Fortran 95 compiler for the arm64 architecture
gnat-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gnat-5-sjlj-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler (setjump/longjump runtime library)
gnat-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gnat-6-sjlj-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler (setjump/longjump runtime library)
gnat-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gnat-7-sjlj-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler (setjump/longjump runtime library)
gnat-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler
gnat-8-sjlj-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Ada compiler (setjump/longjump runtime library)
gobjc++-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler
gobjc++-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C++ compiler for the arm64 architecture
gobjc-5-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler
gobjc-6-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler
gobjc-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler
gobjc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler
gobjc-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU Objective-C compiler for the arm64 architecture
pkg-config-aarch64-linux-gnu - manage compile and link flags for libraries for arm64 architecture
qemu-efi - transitional dummy package
qemu-efi-aarch64 - UEFI firmware for 64-bit ARM virtual machines
g++-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
g++-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C++ compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gcc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU C compiler (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gdc-7-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2) (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)
gdc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu - GNU D compiler (version 2) (cross compiler for arm64 architecture)

• 安装g+±aarch64-linux-gnu

sudo apt-get install g++-aarch64-linux-gnu

• 查看aarch64-linux-gnu-g++安装到了哪里

$ which aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++

• 查看aarch64-linux-gnu-g++安装的版本

$ aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-multiarch --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=aarch64-linux-gnu- --includedir=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)

3. 移植Qt

3.1 修改Qt源码中的Makefile说明文档目录

• 进入mkspecs目录

$ cd Code/qtsourcecode/qt-everywhere-src-5.14.2/qtbase/mkspecs/

• 新建目录linux-arm-som-rk3399

$ mkdir linux-arm-som-rk3399

• 将linux-aarch64-gnu-g++目录中的两个文件qmake.conf和qplatformdefs.h拷贝到linux-arm-som-rk3399目录中

$ cp linux-aarch64-gnu-g++/* linux-arm-som-rk3399/

• 修改linux-arm-som-rk3399/qmake.conf文件

qmake.conf文件的原始文件内容：

#
# qmake configuration for building with aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
#

MAKEFILE_GENERATOR      = UNIX
CONFIG                 += incremental
QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublib

include(../common/linux.conf)
include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf)
include(../common/g++-unix.conf)

# modifications to g++.conf
QMAKE_CC                = aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
QMAKE_CXX               = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK              = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB        = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++

# modifications to linux.conf
QMAKE_AR                = aarch64-linux-gnu-ar cqs
QMAKE_OBJCOPY           = aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy
QMAKE_NM                = aarch64-linux-gnu-nm -P
QMAKE_STRIP             = aarch64-linux-gnu-strip
load(qt_config)

qmake.conf修改后的文件内容：

#
# qmake configuration for building with aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
#

MAKEFILE_GENERATOR      = UNIX
CONFIG                 += incremental
QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublib

QT_QPA_DEFAULT_PLATFORM = linuxfb
QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv8-a -lts
QMAKE_CXXFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv8-a -lts

include(../common/linux.conf)
include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf)
include(../common/g++-unix.conf)

# modifications to g++.conf
QMAKE_CC                = aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
QMAKE_CXX               = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK              = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB        = aarch64-linux-gnu-g++

# modifications to linux.conf
QMAKE_AR                = aarch64-linux-gnu-ar cqs
QMAKE_OBJCOPY           = aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy
QMAKE_NM                = aarch64-linux-gnu-nm -P
QMAKE_STRIP             = aarch64-linux-gnu-strip
load(qt_config)

4. 编译Qt5.14.2源码

4.1 创建编译Qt5.14.2源码的影子构建目录

创建影子构建目录的目的是：避免直接在Qt源码目录的根目录直接运行configure命令行工具污染源码

• 在Qt源码目录的上一级目录创建目录shadow_build_qt_5.14.2

$ mkdir shadow_build_qt_5.14.2

4.2 创建并编辑自动配置脚本

• 进入shadow_build_qt_5.14.2目录，然后创建一个自动配置脚本auto.sh

$ cd shadow_build_qt_5.14.2
$ touch auto.sh

• 编辑auto.sh,内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

../qt-everywhere-src-5.14.2/configure \
	-xplatform linux-arm-som-rk3399 \
	-prefix /home/bruce/Code/qtsourcecode/shadow_build_qt_5.14.2/sysbase/qt5.14.2_install \
	-release -opensource -confirm-license \
	-make libs \
	-pch \
	-qt-libjpeg \
	-qt-libpng \
	-qt-zlib \
	-no-opengl \
	-no-sse2 \
	-no-openssl \
	-no-cups \
	-no-glib \
	-no-dbus \
	-no-xcb \
	-no-separate-debug-info \
	-c++std c++17 \

• 给auto.sh添加可执行权限

$ sudo chmod a+x auto.sh

• 执行auto.sh配置Qt源码

$ ./auto.sh

4.3 执行make编译qt源码

$ make -j4

4.3 执行make install安装qt

执行make install后安装到了shadow_build_qt_5.14.2/sysbase/qt5.14.2_install目录

$ cd ~/Code/qtsourcecode/shadow_build_qt_5.14.2/sysbase/qt5.14.2_install
$ ls
bin  doc  include  lib  mkspecs  plugins  qml

5. 确保网络的连通

5.1 配置虚拟机网络配置

我使用笔记本开发的，在笔记本上使用VirtualBox虚拟了Ubuntu18.0.4系统，通过无限网路可以连接到因特网
为了使Ubuntu也能上网，网络配置只能是使用如下图所示：(其他连接方式不能上网)

---

现在Ubuntu中只有一个无限网卡虚拟的网口，为了和SOM-RK3399开发板通过网线连通，则需要再配置一个网卡2,配置的连接方式如下：

5.2 配置Ubuntu18.04的以太网口的IP

5.3 打开Windows系统网络连接配置以太网口的IP

将其配置为如下IP，保证和SOM-RK3399板子在同一网段

5.4 配置SOM-RK3399板子的IP

• 右键单击无线网络信号标志，选择"Edit Connections…"菜单
  
• 选择以太网口eth0
  
• 配置以太网口eth0的IP地址(只需要配置Address，Netmask是自动设置的)
  
• 命令行查看以太网口eth0的IP
  

6. SOM-RK3399 NFS网络文件系统环境搭建

参考了这篇文章

6.1 在UBuntu18.04上搭建NFS服务器

6.1.1 安装NFS Server

sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

6.1.2 配置NFS Server，它的配置文件是/etc/exports

创建NFS共享目录som_rk3399_nfs

$ mkdir /home/bruce/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs
$ cd /home/bruce/Code/Projects

设置共享文件夹的权限

$ sudo chmod -R 777 som_rk3399_nfs

设置共享文件夹的所有者

sudo chown bruce:bruce som_rk3399_nfs/ -R

6.1.3 编辑/etc/exports文件

# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported
#		to NFS clients.  See exports(5).
#
# Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3:
# /srv/homes       hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
# Example for NFSv4:
# /srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
# /srv/nfs4/homes  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
/home/bruce/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) 

• /home/bruce/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs: 就是要共享的目录
• "*"：代表允许所有的网络段访问
• rw：表示的是可读可写的访问权限
• sync: 表示的是资料同步写入内存和硬盘
• no_root_squash：是Ubuntu nfs 客户端共享目录使用者的权限，如果客户端使用的是root 用户，那么对于该共享目录而言，该客户端就具有root 权限

6.1.4 重启NFS服务(每次修改/etc/exports文件后都需要重新启动 NFS 服务)

sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

6.1.5 在UBuntu18.04本机上测试搭建的NFS服务器是否成功

将共享目录挂载到UBuntu18.04本机上的/mnt目录，随便在som_rk3399_nfs目录中或者/mnt中创建一个文件，看som_rk3399_nfs目录和/mnt中是否都存在.
192.168.1.10是Ubuntu主机的IP地址。或者使用localhost（127.0.0.1）测试

$ sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:~/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs /mnt -o nolock #(注意：这种方式是不行的，必须使用绝对路径使用~挂载会失败，输出如下的内容：)
 mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting localhost:~/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs
$ sudo mount -t nfs localhost:/home/bruce/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs /mnt -o nolock

6.1.6 卸载挂载的共享目录

$ sudo umount /mnt

6.2 在SOM-RK3399开发板上挂载UBuntu18.04上的NFS服务器的共享目录

在SOM-RK3399开发板上，我烧写的是FriendlyELEC系统。

6.2.1 在SOM-RK3399开发板的FriendlyELEC系统上安装NFS服务

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

6.2.2 重启NFS服务

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
[ ok ] Restarting nfs-kernel-server (via systemctl): nfs-kernel-server.service.

6.2.3 测试和Ubuntu18.0.4的网络是否连通

Ubuntu18.0.4的主机的IP是192.168.1.100，SOM-RK3399板子的IP地址是192.168.1.10，它们之间是通过一根网线连接的。
在SOM-RK339开发板上ping Ubuntu18.04(可以ping通，如下图所示)

6.2.4 将Ubuntu18.0.4上的共享目录som_rk3399_nfs挂载到开发板上

$ mkdir /home/pi/mountHost
$ sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:/home/bruce/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs /home/pi/mountHost -o nolock

6.2.4 编辑SOM-RK3399的/etc/fstab文件，使开机自动挂载NFS服务器共享目录

默认FriendlyELEC的/etc/fstab文件是空的，现在添加如下内容，使开启SOM-RK3399开发板时自动挂载共享目录

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~$ cat /etc/fstab
192.168.1.100:/home/bruce/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs /home/pi/mountHost nfs    defaults     0  0

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~$

7. 在SOM-RK3399开发板上安装sshd

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~$ sudo apt-get install ssh

7.1 重启sshd服务

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~$ service sshd start
或
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd restart

7.2 打开MobaXterm连接开发板

8. 配置Ubuntu18.04上的Qt开发环境

打开Qt Creator选择Tools–>Options

8.1 配置编译器

• 配置g++编译器
  
• 配置gcc编译器
  

8.2 配置Qt的版本

选择的是自己编译Qt源码安装目录下的qmake

8.3 配置build套件

9. 配置SOM-RK3399板子上的开发环境

9.1 打包交叉编译的Qt5.14.2

bruce@bruce:~/Code/qtsourcecode/shadow_build_qt_5.14.2/sysbase$ ls qt5.14.2_install
bin  doc  include  lib  mkspecs  plugins  qml
bruce@bruce:~/Code/qtsourcecode/shadow_build_qt_5.14.2/sysbase$ tar -cvzf qt5.14.2_install.tar.gz qt5.14.2_install/

9.2 将qt5.14.2_install.tar.gz 拷贝到共享目录

$ cp qt5.14.2_install.tar.gz ~/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs/

9.3 将qt5.14.2_install.tar.gz解压到SOM-RK339开发板上的/opt目录

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~/mountHost$ sudo tar -xvf qt5.14.2_install.tar.gz -C /opt

pi@SOM-RK3399v2:~/mountHost$ ls /opt/qt5.14.2_install/
bin  doc  include  lib  mkspecs  plugins  qml

9.4 编辑/etc/profile，配置QT环境变量

将原有内容注释掉，修改为如下内容

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).

if [ "${PS1-}" ]; then
  if [ "${BASH-}" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
    # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
    # PS1='\h:\w\$ '
    if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
      . /etc/bash.bashrc
    fi
  else
    if [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
      PS1='# '
    else
      PS1='$ '
    fi
  fi
fi

if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [ -r $i ]; then
      . $i
    fi
  done
  unset i
fi
#QTDIR=/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-5.10.0-rk64one
#QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb
#QT_QPA_EGLFS_HIDECURSOR=0
#QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_SANDBOX=1
#QT_QPA_FONTDIR=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family
#QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-5.10.0-rk64one/plugins/

export QTDIR=/opt/qt5.14.2_install
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=$QTDIR/plugins
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb
export QT_QPA_FONTDIR=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family

10. 测试

10.1 在Ubuntu18.0.4打开QCreator创建一个测试工程

10.2 在主界面添加一个按钮并实现一个槽用来更改按钮的文本

按钮相应clicked()的槽

void MainWindow::on_testButton_clicked()
{
    auto curtext = this->ui->testButton->text();
    if(curtext == tr("点击---"))
        this->ui->testButton->setText(tr("点击+++"));
    else
        this->ui->testButton->setText(tr("点击---"));
}

10.3 在Ubuntu18.04上只编译Qt测试工程

执行qmake

编译代码

10.4 将编译成功的可执行文件test_som_rk3399拷贝到共享目录

bruce@bruce:~/Code/Projects/som_rk3399_nfs$ ls
test_som_rk3399

10.5 在SOM-RK3399开发板上执行./test_som_rk3399

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