Effective C++ 目录

目 录
1 让自己习惯C++(View Yourself to C++)    1
1.1 条款1：视C++为一个语言联邦(View C++ as a federation of language)    1
1.2 条款2：尽量使用consts，enums和inlines，少用#define (Prefer consts,enums and inlines to #define)    1
1.3 条款3：尽可能使用const(Use const whenever possible)    2
1.3.1 const与指针    2
1.3.2 const与迭代器    2
1.3.3 const与成员函数    3
1.4 条款4：关于“将对象初始化”这事，C++似乎反复无常(Make sure that object are initialized before they’re used)    3
2 构造、析构和赋值运算(Constructors,Destructors and Assignment Operators)    5
2.1 条款5：了解C++默认编写并调用哪些函数(Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls)    5
2.2 条款6：若不想使用编译器自动生成的函数，就该明确拒绝(Explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated function you do not want)    5
2.3 条款7：为多态基类声明virtual析构函数(Declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base class)    6
2.4 条款8：别让异常逃离析构函数(Prevent exception from leaving destructors)    7
2.5 条款9：绝不在构造和析构函数过程中调用virtual函数(Never call virtual function during construction or destruction)    9
2.6 条款10：令operator=返回一个refernce to *this (Have assignment operators return a reference to *this)    9
2.7 条款11：在operator=中处理“自我赋值”(Handle assignment to self in operator=)    9
2.8 条款12：复制对象时无妄其每一个成分(Copy all parts of an object)    11
3 资源管理(Resource Management)    13
3.1 条款13：以对象管理资源(Use object to manage resource)    13
3.2 条款14：在资源管理类中小心copying行为(Think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing classes)    14
3.3 条款15：在资源管理类中提供对原始资源的访问(Provide access to raw resource in resource-managing classes)    15
3.4 条款16：成对使用new和delete时要采用相同形式(Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete)    15
3.5 条款17：以独立语句将newed对象置于智能指针(Store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statement)    16
4 设计与声明    16
4.1 条款18：让接口容易被正确使用，不易被误用(Make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly)    16
4.2 条款19：设计class犹如设计type(Treat class design as type design)    17
4.3 条款20：宁以pass-by-reference-to-const 替换pass-by-value (Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value)    17
4.4 条款21：必须返回对象时，别妄想返回其reference(Don 't try to return a reference when you must return an object)    18
4.5 条款22：将成员变量声明为private(Declare data members private)    20
4.6 条款23：宁以non-member、non-friend替换member函数 (Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions)    20
4.7 条款24：若所有参数皆需类型转换，请为此采用non-member 函数(Declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters)    21
4.8 条款25：考虑写出一个不抛异常的swap函数 (Consider support for non-throwing swap)    23
5 实现(Implementation)    26
5.1 条款26：尽可能延后变量定义式的出现时间(Postpone variable definitions as long as possible)    26
5.2 条款27：尽量少做转型动作 (Minimize casting)    27
5.3 条款28：避免返回Handles指向对象内部成分 (Avoid returning “handles” to object internals)    30
5.4 条款29：为” 异常安全”而努力是值得的 (Strive for exception-safe code)    32
5.5 条款30：透切了解inlining的里里外外 (Understand the ins and outs of inlining)    34
5.6 条款31：将文件间的编译依存关系降至最低 (Minimize compilation dependencies between files)    35
6 继承与面向对象(Inheritance and Object-Oriented Design)    37
6.1 条款32：确定你的public继承塑模出is-a关系 (Make sure public inheritance models “is-a”)    37
6.2 条款33：避免遮掩继承而来的名称 (Avoid hiding inherited names)    38
6.3 条款34：区分借口继承和实现继承 (Differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation)    41
6.4 条款35：考虑virtual函数以外的其他选择 (consider alternatives to virtual functions)    42
6.5 条款36：绝不重新定义继承而来的non-virtual函数 (Never redefine a function 's inherited non-virtual function)    46
6.6 条款37：绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值(Never redefine a function 's inherited default parameter value)    47
6.7 条款38：通过复合塑模出has-a或“根据某实物实现出” (Mode "has-a" or  " is-implementation-in-terms-of" through composition)    48
6.8 条款39：明智而审慎地使用private继承(Use private inheritance judiciously)    48
6.9 条款40：明智而审慎地使用多重继承 (Use multiple inheritance judiciously)    50
7 模板与泛型编程 (Templates and Generic Programming)    53
7.1 条款41：了解隐式接口和编译期多态 (Understand implicit interface and compile-time polymorphism)    53
7.2 条款42：了解typename的双重意义 (Understand the two meaning of typename)    54
7.3 条款43：学习处理模板化基类内的名称 (Know how to access names in templatized base class)    56
7.4 条款44：将与参数无关的代码抽离templates (Factor parameter-independent code out of templates)    59
7.5 条款45：运用成员函数模板介绍所有兼容类型 (Use member function templates to accept "all compatible types")    61
7.6 条款46：需要类型转换时请为目标定义非成员函数 (Define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired) 62
7.7 条款47：请使用traits classes表现类型信息 (Use traits classes for information about types)    64
7.8 条款48：认识template元编程 (Be aware of template metaprogramming)    67
8 定制new和delete(Customizing new and delete)    68
8.1 条款49：了解new-handler行为 (Understand the behavior of the new-handler)    68
8.2 条款50：了解new和delete的合理替换时机 (Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete)    72
8.3 条款51：编写new和delete时需要固守成规 (Be aware of template metaprogramming)    72
8.4 条款52：写了placement new也要写placement delete (Be aware of template metaprogramming)    74
9 其他(Others)    77
9.1 C++关键字explicit    77